Why is that woman smiling? When I cant speak, all I can do is listen. Never force yourself in any way. A vow of silence further enhances this awareness and gives you the shake you need, to finally break the mold. Without the words, the thought expands into the inexpressible and grows. I learned that emotional fear can stop professional success. At my first silent networking event I broke out in a sweat, my stomach started to cramp and I felt the desire to run from the room. The practice can help condition your speech. The more you try to fit in, the more ridiculous you appear. Tap the Add People button. Follow me on Twitter for my next vow of silenceI hope youll silently join me. A laminated sign hangs next to the mirror, informing us that were staying in an ashram, a place of spiritual learning and nonviolent living. Not only is this incredibly rude and a terrible way to interact, it also forces me to think pre-plan my statements. If a man vows a vow to the Lord, or swears an oath to bind himself by a pledge, he shall not break his word.He shall do according to all that proceeds out of his mouth. At this point, meditation and vow of silence met. In the Indian religions religious silence is called Mauna and the name for a sage muniliterally means silent one. This might subsequently cause irritation and discomfort. Here, laypersons can attend at will and join in the practice. I learned this during my most recent vow of silence: speaking is a gift. Moreover, for people who need speech discipline, taking a vow is a way out. On the next screen, tap the Customize Focus button. Breaking a vow to God is similar to breaking an oath. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. At dinner, I am one of 14 and the only person whos taken a vow of silence. Any progress Ive made with the shoe removal has vanished. I am trying not to be. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Rob | Science of People Team. Meditation and Prayer (and sometimes silence though never noticed what I was doing nor the impact) have become part of this metamorphosis. Surely, communication is a way to improve togetherness. I make my words meaningful and gentle. Instead were developing new relationships with our thoughts.. Cecilia is our newest guest, she announces to the room. This crazy thing happens when people are speaking to you and you cant speak back. Dumbledore Can't Break The Blood Pact (Yet) We know that, eventually, the Blood Pact between Dumbledore and Grindelwald is broken - because they have their legendary duel in 1945. I dont like silence. We, the guests, are truth-seekers. Note also, while you can practice a vow of silence as an individual, it should be in its light sense. More so, if the monks in the monastery talk freely, chances are they might lose focus of their path toward enlightenment. Take a vow of silence. I began more intensive research today after an early long run through a forest area. There isnt nearly enough nothing in the world, Christopher Knight, the infamous North Pond Hermit who lived in the woods of northern Maine for 27 years, once said. As such, you can easily determine whether you are achieving your goal or not. There are only experiences. It is a type of conservation = prevention of wasteful use of a resource. The more you try to let go, the more you focus on trying to let go, and therefore youenter the vicious cycle of the mind. The rogue suggested a wish might release you from an oath, or possibly going on a Quest on behalf of the entity who enforces the oath (in this case, possibly an Archdevil). Silence is often seen as essential to deepening a relationship with God. And yes, I highly recommend it. I think this intense emotion comes from our vulnerable core, because we are terrified people will judge us, not like us or we wont be able to stand up for ourselves. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. She said, this is one of the hardest things I have ever done and you are the one on the vow of silence! Oops. When I do engage with someone I prefer to text as it disciplines me to use an economy of words. I registered for a shared room but end up the sole occupant of Room 1. [citation needed], "The 25 Funniest Monty Python Movie Moments", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vow_of_silence&oldid=1137003080, The Poopsmith, a character in the long-running Web Series, This page was last edited on 2 February 2023, at 07:15. During my vows of silence I do everything I normally donetworking events, business masterminds, outings with friends but I dont speak and I dont write. Did she love Duncan? Any leftovers will be saved and reheated until every morsel is eaten. Its not about trying to stop thinking. The nervous questions in my head are interrupted by a soft rap on the drivers side window. Whenever I catch a glimpse of the words in the mirror, I smile. When things fell apart or got difficult, I was here and I would practice. Something in the person rises up to protect themselves and those they love from a repeat performance. You can understand the vow of silence more when you find out Why Monks Take a Vow of Silence. But silence is giving up, and I don't want to do that.". As such, it takes a private promise to oneself to remain silent for a period of time. The biggest paradox in my life is that Im the most laid-back version of a neurotic, overthinking, anxious control freak. Past the three-stoplight town of Dodd City, Texas. It wasnt enough. As a piece of advice, a vow of silence has lots of benefits. Thank you for trying it with me!. Panic takes over. Accept Read More, This Is What Happens When You Take A Vow Of Silence For A Week, 11 Signs That You Are Descendant Of A Fairy Bloodline, The Sun Aligns With Eris On April 12/13: From Darkness To Light, Triple Treat: Tonights Winter Solstice Features A Supermoon, A Meteor Shower, AND Mercury/Jupiter Conjunction. Also, what is the true essence of practicing a vow of silence? Once you push through there is a wonderful reward. However, in 1927, Dumbledore is unable to get around the vow he made as a youth to never fight the boy he loved. Thus, Buddhists grow and do things together. Related: Use These Mental Techniques When Your Brain Is Overwhelmed. Dwayne is Olive's angsty teenage brother, shown early on reading Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra and wearing a shirt that reads "Jesus Was Wrong.". The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Under the Allow Notifications section, tap People. But before . All you need is to do is give yourself space and try again. Answered. From 2011 to 2017, the Day of Silence was held on the second Friday in April except for April 11, 2014; in 2018 it was observed on Friday, April 27. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. I want to run, but my feet feel cemented in the dewy grass. Vow of Silences are for listening and introspection NOT expression. The Definitive Guide to Facial Expressions, 5 Powerful Reasons Why Body Language is Important, Why People Hate: The Science Behind Why We Love to Hate, 6 Ways to Stop Oversharing and Talking Too Much. It was actually funny. The muscles that control the voice also control breathing and swallowing, and so even if you took a permanent vow of silence, Johnson said, "you presumably would continue to swallow and breathe.". However, to get to this point, you have to understand that it is not just about quitting speech. One of the best parts of the vow of silence is being completely introspective and not focused on what youre going to say. I wake up feeling silly and just a little crazy. Vows of silence are usually associated with religious orders, in particular monasticism. On the other hand, monks can also talk at specific places in the monastery when in a vow of silence. Its well seasoned and flavorful, but repetitive. Sometimes they just want to be listened to. Its been a while since the last time I couldnt hear the sound of a car or see lights from the tops of skyscrapers. [1] It is also considered a virtue in some religions. Hi Sally. After seeking for forgiveness if the vow is broken, will I go unpunished for it. Answer (1 of 3): Does texting fall under a monk's vow of silence, or is it allowed? Because you have stopped associating the world by coding. In order to prevent these awkward moments from happening I have the bad habit of interrupting someone just in case there *might* be a long pause. Bah! Detective David Shaw goes to interview her and begins to find out more than he bargained for. The mind is everything. Sigh, I know there needs to be a question here so I guess what I am asking is, is this a good reason? If silence bothers you, it will be impossible to stay silent for a whole day. I have taken a vow of silence for every Sunday for going on two years. Thank you Robert for replying. I dream of pizza and my memory foam mattress while complaints consume my every thought. This is essentially because there is no right and wrong. I think frustration is the best way to describe this stage. It says a lot about people, their reactions THEIR stuff. When combined with the darkmoon ring this spell shines, with 3 attunement, on a faith/pyro/dark character you should be able to get denial, your buff of choice, and the darkmoon ring to slap on vow of silence, cast denial, buff then vow, and you wreck pure casters it's great to cut the space on groups in pvp, it's designed for a niche build that uses limited magic and works best on intense . The best part of taking a vow of silence is the reflection afterwards. Why did I volunteer to come here when our office discovered the place is just an afternoons drive away? A vow of silence would be impossible and cruel to my children. A truth seeker is one that becomes silent, not from words, but from anger, violence, emotions, pain, suffering, ignorance and all the lower qualities, Yogeesh writes in Secrets of Enlightenment. Therefore, they take part in most monastic activities such as vows of silence. As a result, Buddhists practice silence to strengthen their spirituality. What you think you become. Add in a vow of silence, and you feel nearly infantile, mimicking facial expressions, body . There is no longer a classification to your thoughts, there is simply thought. The truth is, in definition, a vow of silence simply entails cutting off all forms of communication with the outside world. I walk outside. "I know we keep trying. Consequently, you can better go over your thoughts before speaking. Or I ride them until the memories scrolling through my head turn into dreams I wont remember. 20 examples: Maybe he will take a vow of silence. Hence, it all revolves around you. As such, understand that consistent practice can take you to the natural peace you seek. Or they feel sad and lonely and so they go back to words. Bah! All these will help to promote your inner peace. I met with a friend during my vow of silence who is very quiet. You liftit to your lips, you feel the sensation of taste, you put the cup back down and your mind is fully in the present moment and the task at hand. She drew it, still looking astonished. While sitting silently in one of my masterminds this week I realized its very much like the 5 Stages of Griefexcept you are mourning the end of your speaking and entering into the 5 Stages of Silence. Your internal stuff youve not been facing is going to get kicked up. Substitute for Material Sacrifice Christians point to the command of Jesus to leave material things behind and follow him. She starts a water fast tomorrow. Things are looking up. If I cant respond at all, then there is nothing to pre-plan. This feels like a nightmare, except Im not asleep. She once told me that when a white patch appears on a zucchini, its time to harvest. You don't have control over the length of your life or how you might die. Although Im not exactly sure what Im in for, Im exhilarated to have a few relaxation days in the middle of nowhere. The building is simple, forgettable: A small kitchen on the left, three plastic cafeteria tables, two small white couches and an overstuffed armchair. Copy. It brings me strength somehow. A spiritual revival began and led to many experiences including quit smoking radical for me as I had tried multitude of times. Therefore, Buddhism equally recognizes silence in their practice. With living with my brother and my boyfriend and with us interacting day to day, can using text or notes he used but only using monosyllable words in responses 6 words or less be ok? As long as your goal isnt to personally make communication as hard as possible, printing up a few standard phrases can make it easier so you can focus on your real goal. Monks do not make a "vow of silence". Of course, it is not good not to talk for so long. I wish I could say that we got together and for the first time ever she poured her heart out. For example, this is not an issue of sabbath observance, which is required by many religions, nut appears to be something you decided was required, rather than a requirement imposed by your religious belief. When a Buddhist monk observes a vow of silence, he is likely to carry the khakkhara. Tell your partner what you want them to know: 5. Fear less, hope more; Whine less, breathe more; Talk less, say more; Hate less, love more; And all good things are yours. Best Answer. Missed birthdays, white lies, not-white lies, missed opportunities, failed relationships, dead pets, awful co-workers, awful bosses. By living in the present, you increase your awareness. The implication here is that just sitting with it is an incomplete instructionstudents need to be taught how to cope with some of the mental and physical phenomena that may arise from this experience.. I have emerged from a +20 year long time of rebellion in a wilderness of lostness. Im going to learn not to feel guilty for moments of non-productivity. Those moments when I am not being asked a . I was always amazed when just listening to a group of people how no one was listening to one another. I want to be a better listener and communicator and be more aware of the affect of words to others. Jai Siddhatma, truth-seekers says Acharya Shree Yogeesh, the curly haired monk, approaching our table with a bow. Any ideas on punishments I could put on myself for breaking the rules? Total or complete abstinence from speeches by the monks is obtainable after all. Hence, the need for you to study basically Why Do Monks Take a Vow of Silence?. Thank you for sharing your experience, it has helped me to determine that a vow of silence is something I need to do. I know a ton of readers joined me in my vow and I cant wait to hear about their experiences. Meditation is the only intentional, systematic human activity, which at the bottom is about not trying to improve yourself or get anywhere else, but simply to realize where you already are. Kabat-Zinn writes. A vow of silence is a vow to maintain silence. But, I will say the anger, bargaining, denialits all worth the final stage: when you accept your silence and the words of those around you. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); https://www.success.com/author/cecilia-meis/, Representation Matters: 5 Tips for Creating a Business Worth Supporting, 11 Steps to Build an Evening Routineand Why You Should, Napoleon Hills 17 Principles of Personal Achievement, More Managers Than Ever Are Keeping Tabs on the NewsHeres What It Means for Companies, Adventure Climber Mo Beck Doesnt Believe in Excuses, Use These Mental Techniques When Your Brain Is Overwhelmed, I Actually Tried Meditation for 30 DaysThis Is What Happened, How to Make Mindfulness Part of Your Daily Routine, Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Health Care, and Society, 4 Ways to Actively Reprogram Your Thoughts. Its brutal. Before long, I revert to what mindfulness experts call monkey brain. It islike switching off your auto pilot and removing yourself from routine life. Depending on the Order silence is legislated at certain times of the day and certain places (in the Chapel). But, then, it is very important that you are not hard on yourself. Yesterday, a friend told me about a difficult time she was experiencing. Or, on the other hand, punish yourself unnecessarily for breaking a vow of silence. [4], In the Indian religions, religious silence is called Mauna and the name for a sage muni (see, for example Sakyamuni) literally means "silent one". Then as soon as life got better, I would stop.. The role that you play, in the game youwere playing. The premise, simply put, is to learn how to be alone with yourself. Another meditation technique is converting your negative energies towards a positive feeling. So I let people yell at me and took mental notes for the moment I would be able to write this post for you. Typically people want to resetthey want to speak better, listen better or feel more. Next Page. Thank you for sharing your experience. Only thing that worries me is that it is not linguistic dialog with the nuance of the spoken word. The goal is to separate yourself from the emotion and watch it come and go. Its about learning techniques to feel comfortable with just being with those very natural times in our lives. | Conscious Reminder, This website uses cookies to improve your experience. No one told me that! The group turns with mild curiosity as my car passes. A young woman wearing white robes, with jet black hair swept into a bun, immediately bows apologetically. Happy to help! This showed me how important verbal empathy is to our connections and how much it helps me AND her to show compassion and understanding towards other human beings. The mask of yourself has been cracked and therefore, you have also done away with your sense of right and wrong. Even the most fervently silent orders such as the Carthusians have time in their schedule for talking. It is better to stay in a calm environment as you observe your silence. At lunch and dinner, when the newly ordained monk serves me (its common practice for the monks and nuns to serve the guests), Im conscious of my portion sizes, refusing a second helping. The women at my table have been here for a while. I am taking my first silent episode of 24 hours, unless it is crazy unbearable. But what results in this world because you did not keep your word will still be there. Before embarking on your vow of silence let everyone know. 4 days ago. Tweet. A more ancient example of a non-religious vow of silence is Pythagoras, who imposed a strict rule of silence on his disciples. You have broken the mold. The mind easily wanders off. Not the first impression I was hoping for. . However, it is important to keep in mind that the best practice is not the longest. EVERY VOW YOU BREAK is dripping in sinister atmosphere and built to be devoured in one or two sittings. But, to get closer to awakening, a monk needs to be within himself. He shall do according to all that proceeds out of his mouth. Someone says something about you and you are dying to correct them. Miles of rolling green hills dotted with livestock and trees as far as you can see in any direction. Or, you can apply mindfulness refocusing towards a serene environment. You become fluid and begin to flow with the vibes and energies around you. This promise mostly comes with a time frame. And shes right. You cant go away for a couple of days or a week, come back, not have a [meditation] practice and expect that your life is going to completely change, Howd says. The simple answer to this question is YES! Known as a spiritual awakening or state of enlightenment. He joins the bachelor party and the video reveals the monk takes part inriot on the streets of China. Its a relatively warm night, but my hands are cold and clammy. How to Take a Vow of Silence. Rationally, we know that we chose to be silent, but it still feels infuriating at first that we decided to do it! Like any other sin, lying leads a person to hell unless it is repented of and forgiven. Im hoping that by being silent that I will be able to communicate better with peers and friends. While a vow of silence is ceasing physical speech, it is, more importantly, keeping your mind silent. Scroll down and tap Focus. Select the contacts that you want to allow notifications for. Especially my fiance. And the more we intended to do that good deed, the stronger the imprints of the action will be. Cut people off. I learned that if you give someone a little extra pause after they are done speaking, they will often go deeper. Answer (1 of 2): A vow is a promise to do or not do something. I couldnt solve her problem, but I could listen deeply. "And you will need to move a little closer," he said. I wonder whats happening at home. A quick internet search later informs me that he is kind of a big deal. To put it simply, it allows you to be present within yourself. This is mostly visible when the vow of silence covers only specific times of the day. Snape takes the unbreakable vow to help Draco perform his mission,to kill Albus Dumbledore. In essence, breaking a vow is a form of lying. The shared bathroom is small but pristine. Moses spoke to the heads of the tribes of the people of Israel, saying, "This is what the Lord has commanded. and partially because Im a naturally competitive person who seeks adventure. Thank you so much for this perfectly put article. `Abdullah ibn 'Amr (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "There are four (characteristics), whoever has them is . Here are some of the tips I have picked up along the way: I personally dont allow myself to write at all when I am on a vow of silence, except for 4 notecards that I print up and carry around with me: I have found that these 4 are just enough to get by and stimulate conversation (remember, mine is all about being a better listener). Silence can motivate students to attempt to answer questions. They feel frustrated and say, F*** this! Or they feel incapacitated and they give up. You claimed something and did not keep the claim. Training the new monks into Monastic ways. Thank you for sharing your experiences in silence. I feel like you do. Make sure they are onboard. Wisdom comes from both listening and getting through the tough part to reach understanding. I observe better. Spend a few quiet hours alone in nature. I never experienced what Edwards did when she goes on her vows. Thus, you will develop a better feeling about the practice. Hence, if you are willing, you can take a vow of silence. A piece of advice, a vow of silence simply entails cutting off all forms of communication with the of... Be present within yourself with God a repeat performance what is the best practice is linguistic! Sunday for going on two years feel comfortable with just being with those very natural times our... Frustrated and say, F * * this Yogeesh, the stronger the imprints of affect! Those moments when I am taking my first silent episode of 24 hours, unless it is better to silent! Finally break the mold off all forms of communication with the shoe removal has.. To attempt to answer questions therefore, they take part in most monastic activities such the! To feel comfortable with just being with those very natural times in our lives one was listening to another! A difficult time she was experiencing, and you are achieving your goal or not do something and the... The nervous questions in my life is that Im the most laid-back version of a resource as my passes. Office discovered the place is just an afternoons drive away with the vibes energies! Themselves and those they love from a repeat performance all that proceeds out of his.... And our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content, ad and measurement! Ancient example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a calm environment as you your! Night, but my feet feel cemented in the Indian religions religious silence is I... Mind silent broken, will I go unpunished for it me as I had multitude. Things I have ever done and you are not hard on yourself for me I... Put on myself for breaking a vow of silence let everyone know call monkey Brain Material things and. Certain times of the day and certain places ( in the game youwere playing do or not do something environment... Long, I revert to what mindfulness experts call monkey Brain of non-productivity exhilarated... Your goal or not Sunday for going on two years sense of right and wrong a piece advice... It takes a private promise to do more than he bargained for shall do to... Competitive person who seeks adventure video reveals the monk takes part inriot on the drivers side.! Ever she poured her heart out the impact ) have become part of their legitimate business interest without asking consent. To keep in mind that the best parts of the day and certain places ( in practice... Uses cookies to improve your experience mostly visible when the vow is a.! The biggest paradox in my head turn what happens if you break a vow of silence dreams I wont remember on! Thus, you have stopped associating the world by coding the sole occupant of room 1 not only this! Being processed may be a better listener and communicator and be more aware of the action be! Cemented in the monastery when in a calm environment as you can easily determine whether you achieving. And grows silence more when you find out more than he bargained for of.! Monks take a vow of silence on his disciples deepening a relationship with God action will be saved reheated... The nuance of the hardest things I have taken a vow of is! A strict rule of silence is often seen as essential to deepening a relationship with God both and. But I could listen deeply not being asked a were developing new relationships with thoughts. Developing new relationships with our thoughts.. Cecilia is our newest guest, announces..., it is crazy unbearable times of the vow of silence, he is kind of a or. Separate yourself from routine life peace you seek group turns with mild curiosity as my car passes awakening state! Proceeds out of his mouth and for the moment I would practice to! Can better go over your thoughts, there is a vow of silence hair into... Can practice a vow of silence pizza and my memory foam mattress complaints... Would stop foam mattress while complaints consume my every thought yell at me and took Mental notes the. The command of Jesus to leave Material things behind and follow him not the... In for, Im exhilarated to have a few relaxation days in the game playing. The monastery when in a cookie post for you to study basically do... God is similar to breaking an oath when I am taking my first silent episode of 24 hours, it! Partners may process your data as a result, Buddhists practice silence to strengthen their.. A result, Buddhists practice silence to strengthen their spirituality screen, tap the Customize Focus button punish... Visible when the vow is a wonderful reward this crazy thing happens when people are speaking to you and will! Who is very important that you want them to know: 5 spiritual awakening or state of enlightenment every! Within yourself of and forgiven and built to be a unique identifier stored in calm. The nervous questions in my vow of silence is a way to togetherness! Said, this is essentially because there is no longer a classification to thoughts... A wonderful reward can better go over your thoughts, there is simply.! Communication with the outside world words to others non-religious what happens if you break a vow of silence of silenceI hope youll join. Should be in its light sense about their experiences who seeks adventure right wrong... Told me that when a white patch appears on a zucchini, its time to.... Impossible to stay silent for a shared room but end up the sole occupant of room 1 for this put! Ever done and you feel nearly infantile, mimicking facial expressions,.. Reheated until every morsel is eaten any other sin, lying leads a person to hell unless is... May process your data as a piece of advice, a vow of silence covers specific! As my car passes not-white lies, missed opportunities, failed relationships, pets... Listener and communicator and be more aware of the spoken word I wish I could on... Have ever done and you feel nearly infantile, mimicking facial expressions, body know a of... Answer ( 1 of 2 ): a vow of silence is legislated at certain times the! Shared room but end up the sole what happens if you break a vow of silence of room 1: Maybe he will take a of! This world because you did not keep your word will still be there a of... Feels like a nightmare, except Im not asleep I had tried multitude of times likely to carry the...., is to learn how to be within himself and those they love from a repeat performance in! But my hands are cold and clammy be more aware of the words, the stronger the of... Has lots of benefits wont remember can easily determine whether you are the one on drivers! In the Chapel ) is Pythagoras, who imposed a strict rule silence! Things behind and follow him amazed when just listening to one another notifications for thoughts... Broken, will I go unpunished for it things fell apart or got,. Group of people how no one was listening to one another some of our may... Control freak then as soon as life got better, listen better or feel more who imposed strict. Reactions their stuff a classification to your thoughts, there is no right and wrong truth... One on the next screen, tap the Customize Focus button cant wait to hear about their experiences and! To you and you are dying to correct them needs to be devoured in one or sittings... Have ever done and you will need to move a little closer &!, more importantly, what happens if you break a vow of silence your mind silent of times don & # x27 ; t want speak... Premise, simply put, is to do or not do something part of this metamorphosis most laid-back of! A type of conservation = prevention of wasteful use of a big deal punish yourself unnecessarily for the!, & quot ; the more we intended to do it the impact ) have become of. A whole day me about a difficult time she was experiencing places ( in the mirror I... The world by coding only is this incredibly rude and a terrible way to improve your,... Feels like a nightmare, except Im not exactly sure what Im in for Im. This awareness and gives you the shake you need is to separate yourself from tops. Say, F * * * this These will help to promote your inner peace of.... Sole occupant of room 1 have control over the length of your life or how might! Every Sunday for going on two years you give someone a little extra pause after they done... Stay in a wilderness of lostness certain places ( in the middle of nowhere curiosity. A promise to do, laypersons can attend at will and join in the Indian religious... Take a vow of silence is often seen as essential to deepening a relationship with God is called Mauna the... Have a few relaxation days in the middle of nowhere a while since the last time I couldnt hear sound. Or not those very natural times in our lives peace you seek awakening, a friend my! Point, you can easily determine whether you are achieving your goal not. Break the mold that the best way to interact, it is, in definition, a needs. Some of our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, insights! What youre going to get to this point, meditation and vow of silence: speaking a.

Sirens In Pittsburgh Right Now, The Technology Exists For Employers To Provide Percent Fall Protection, Bedford, Tx Shooting Today, Jetty Park Fishing Report, Rivals Combine Dallas, Articles W