It involves the creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition zones. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project which kick started in 2008. Thus mangroves are natural land reclaimers. It is noteworthy that Songo International Business District also in South Korea which is reputed to be the largest private development in the country is built on a reclaimed land in the area of Incheon waterfront. This situation had led to the loss of many species. They stand to benefit from future developments in the axis. Apart from the Eko Atlantic project, there are other lands that have been reclaimed and are being developed into housing estates for residential and business purposes. Probably half of The Netherlands is a reclaimed land from the sea. Few cities in the world actively reclaim land at the rate of Hong Kong and Singapore, with the practice deeply woven into each cities' history while also playing a key role in future development. Despite grassroots communities, activists, environmentalists and local NGOs holding strikes to protest against large-scale land reclamation, the state governments of Penang, Melaka and Johor are backing these controversial island-making projects for reasons of economic growth. A conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition. Land reclamation in the Niger Delta passes through five phases, which in all ramifications affect the environment. The African Development Bank, Africa Union and Africa50 launched the Alliance during COP27 last November with global partners: the African Union Development Agency, the. This means areas that had been cleared and sand filled could be opened up again to be interconnected with the river, so that it will gradually become alive and revert to its original form [11]. Changes in river channel via canalization or dredging changes the river system by increasing the length and breadth of the river which affects the flow dynamics and hydrology of the river [3]. Thus the removal of vegetation loosens the soil and makes it susceptible to the force of erosion. It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. There are also some burrowing organisms that dig into shore sand. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. This occurs during off-shore drilling in mangrove swamps. Lending his voice on the matter, an environmentalist, Osawe Irabors view differs from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua. According to them, the city has long been vulnerable to flood in recent times, while environmental safeguards have continued to be weakened. Gabriel Martinelli starred as Arsenal moved five points clear at the top of the Premier League with a 4-0 rout of struggling Everton on Wednesday. description of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria. Reclamation is done without proper environmental impact assessment. He said: Because of the necessity for land use, people end up the sand filling and tend to utter nature and in that instance create chaos or disorder in the natural balance and so we see the impact almost immediately. Similarly, the intertidal or littoral ecosystems, which are areas where the ocean meets the land face destruction during landscape reclamation. It has not been recognized yet that reclamation may change the regional ground water regime, which may in turn modify the coastal environment . On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. The law confers the mandate to implement it on the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) in accordance with this law. The government sometimes forcefully acquires coastal areas from the native community, remove the mangrove forest and sand fill the area in other to establish projects beneficial to the public. The practice may be temporary solution . According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The general principle governing land-tenure is that land is common property of the tribe as represented by the chief of the political group. Some small towns, notably Minna, Uyo, Makurdi, Maiduguri, and Bauchi, experienced remarkable growth in population and economy after becoming state capitals. But when it becomes rampant and reckless, the people must resist it because usurping natural settings could be disastrous in the long run, he said. Agricultural activities such as rice paddies and aquaculture are embarked upon in swampy coastal locations [14]. The reclamation land which is in two phases is located on a reclaimed land of over 100 hectares. Government Notices and Plans Issued by Lands Department for Land Acquisition and Foreshore and Seabed Reclamation (Since 2 January 2009) Note: The Gazette Plans can also be inspected by public free of charge at the offices as specified under the respective Government Notices or be purchased at the Lands Department Map Sales Outlets. A Mined Land Reclamation permit is an approval to conduct regulated activities at a specific site. Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. The Land Reclamation practice area is a multidisciplinary practice that involves understanding site characteristics, desired land use outcomes and stakeholder considerations with the objective of developing a functional predetermined end land use. Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. Largest cities in Nigeria in 2022 (in 1,000 individuals) Number of inhabitants in thousands Lagos Kano Ibadan Port Harcourt Benin City Kaduna Abuja Maiduguri Zaria Aba Jos Ilorin Oyo Enugu. Everyone wants to own a house, especially in Lagos, because the land is not large enough. Backing the argument of Nwilo, a former Professor of Geography at the University of Ibadan, Adetoye Faniran, viewed the matter in a way that seems supernatural. 86 of 1992, which guides such projects. Land reclamation Boskalis is a global expert in sustainable and cost-competitive land reclamation. Dredging and sand filling activity removes the benthic species community. Others include the ongoing construction on the sand-filled former marshy area, renamed Golden View Estate, Ejigbo, along Ejigbo/Ikotun road by Cele-Egbe Bridge, the 100-hectare Gracefield Island to accommodate over 10,000 residents in Lagos Lagoon, the controversial 45-hectare Apple Island project, as well as reclamation activities in Lekki and Ajah areas. This is because the adventitious roots of the mangrove forest serve as tidal breaks. Thus, village land would be held in trust and apportioned by the chief. This leads to the impairment of the health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms around the reclaimed area. Mangrove vegetation is the dominant species found at the interface between the land and the sea. Landscape that is formed at the end of the solidification process of the swamp becomes attractive to land speculators who sand fill and reinforce the area in other to carry out construction work. Home > residential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). Experimental design of recruitment experiment in a sand dredged mangrove forest at Eagle Island in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Industries also flock around coastal areas because of the ease of transportation of goods and equipments. "The oil industry in Nigeria is so corrupt that even locals get scammed. The city was the capital of Nigeria between 1960 and 1975. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. Land expansion to accommodate housing projects is a major cause of coastal reclamation and is embarked upon by private and government officials. The state noted that there has been increasing and continuing degradation of the Lagos shoreline as a result of indiscriminate illegal dredging, reclamation and land extensions into the Lagos Lagoon. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). Reclamation is carried out by both government and private developers. These days, it has transmuted into the Land Use Act (LUA), encapsulated within the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. Thus in other to expand the land area to accommodate the industrial complex, surrounding creeks were mowed down; sand filled and solidifies to build offices and apartments for workers. The intertidal environment is naturally a tough place for organisms to live, however, with the addition of reclamation activities the ability of organisms to survive is denigrated. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. This method is suitable for granular fill. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. Land that is reclaimed is used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. However, experts said, the exploitation of land and dredging for construction works in Lagos, pose a great threat to the growth of the city, especially with the fast erosion of the shorelines due to higher water levels caused by climate change. Historically, reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts (considered useless wastelands) into agricultural production. It also involves the establishment of well heads and booth camps. The direct causes include: (i) land expansion, (ii) construction activities, (iii) land acquisition and (iv) succession (land-forming activities of mangroves). This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Some even consider the Land Use Act as the only law governing land and landed property in Nigeria. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. But a land or coastal area that has been plundered and polluted may loss its economic value [2]. Landscape reclamation is. 08 February 2021 | To establish road network via the river, foundations for heavy pillars are usually sunk into the bottom of the river, which destabilizes the benthic community of the river. One thing is certain; when you do reclamation like this, there are other aspects of the environment that you destroy. Oshodi, who was the immediate past vice chairman, Lagos branch of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (NITP), said since the green-fields are shrinking within the city, water-bodies would continue to attract various development interests. The aim of acquiring land varies, but is mainly for possession and or production of goods and services to satisfy socio-economic and socio-cultural needs. It should be noted that Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers in the activities. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). These areas are usually port or coastal locations that attract people from other parts of the world. The major purpose of land reclamation is to restore degraded land, but in the Niger Delta land reclamation is used to acquire land from coastal communities for the purpose of expanding land surface for construction of houses for human habitation. The conversion of a coastal area to a terrestrial area via developmental projects is a human-mediated succession. Dredged and sand filled areas in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. This will however, take 1020years to stabilize. Political Map of Nigeria Map based on a UN map. Nigeria has a land mass area of 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance on land reclamation. Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. There is nowhere along this zone that is more than 200 meters. These activities automatically put pressure on the coastal community when other infrastructural activities such as living quarters for staff, health facility, recreational ground and educational facilities are established for workers and their families. It is also referred to as the process of improving lands to make them suitable for more intensive use. The side of the sand filled area was piled up to form balkanization against the inflow of river water. The Niger Delta is found in the southern part of Nigeria and borders the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). The promise of accelerating growth, however, is questionable. Not surprisingly, the country that is home to the largest population of the region also has by far the largest area under cultivation. Decrease in water level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the shore receive no water supply and become dry. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? Lagos - 8,048,430 Lagos is one of earth's largest urban areas. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Five ways human ecology influence reclamation of coastal environment include: Concentration: is a process whereby a given area becomes concentrated by human population due to the fertility of the land. The provisions of the EIA Act No. Work Plan for Groundwater Study at Long Island Mines. This includes zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthic organisms and fisheries. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. By doing that, the aquatic nature of the area will be disrupted and there are aquatic animals living in the sea, Afegbua added. A wet land can be filled with cement or can also be filled with large rocks. He said: Personally, I do not think that we are doing it the right way. This method works well for foreshore locations with good seabed soil. For instance, sand filling of a town named Buguma in the Niger Delta, Nigeria increased economic land at the detriment of the mangrove forest and other coastal species. Presently buildings have been erected on the site, which are occupied by some people. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. Also, many parts of the Netherlands (7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands) were reclaimed from the sea. The seedlings have been growing on the sand filled area for the past 2 years. Specifically, the mangrove root network hosts fish, shellfish, crabs, snakes, etc. The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. Landscape reclamation is used to remediate polluted and devastated area in many parts of the world such as abandoned coal mine, crude oil exploration site and abandoned aquaculture. Mangroves are regarded as land forming organisms [10]. Together the system of management is called ecosystem management, which is a way of managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people. Statistics have it that China reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010, resulting in earnings of more than 7.82 billion yuan.. He explained that such development constrains the free flow of water in its natural direction and alter the flow alignment from the primary drainage channels across the city, leading to widespread flooding even with a little volume of rainfall. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. It is the result of abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic agents of change. The country features 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, which is known as Abuja.The country of Nigeria features over five hundred different ethnic groups, many different languages, and declared its independence from the United Kingdom on October 1, 1960. The mangrove forests were mowed down by bulldozers and evacuated as logs, and in its place white sand was pumped from the sea unto the land. One cannot jettison the issue raised by UN-Habitat and Ibidun Adelekan as regards the problem of flooding that can stem from massive land reclamation because coastal areas such as Lekki, Victoria Island and Ikoyi on several occasions have been ravaged by flood. To its sustainability because of land reclamation Boskalis is a human-mediated succession to access, and puts the needs! And 1975 way of managing reserve to benefit from future developments in the Niger Delta Nigeria. Is an approval to conduct regulated activities at a specific site meant irrigation that. 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towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common