Question: 8) When KCl dissolves in water, aqueous K and CF lons result. 2. Is potassium permanganate polar or nonpolar? Intramolecular forces hold Hydrogen and Fluoride together and intermolecular forces exist between the molecules. (b) 75 trillion of the human cells in your body have genomic DNA. From experimental studies, it has been determined that if molecules of a solute experience the same intermolecular forces that the solvent does, the solute will likely dissolve in that solvent. *All answers are correct 1 What kind of intermolecular forces are present in a mixture of potassium chloride and water? them from one another to turn it into a gas. Crushing a solid into a powder will increase reaction rate because: Powdered form reacts more rapidly that tablets H2S H2Se H2O. CS2 < I2 < NH2CH3. 2. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". (a) s-1(b) s(c) L mol-1 s-1(d) L2 mol-2 s-1(e) L2 s2 mol-2, Given: A + 3B 2C + DThis reaction is first order with respect to reactant A and second order with respect to reactant B. o Non-polar oil does not interact with polar water. True (150 g C6H14O3) / (134.1736 g C6H14O3/mol) = 1.1180 mol C6H14O3 Which type of intermolecular attractive force operates between the hydrogen atom of a polar bond and near by small electronegative atom. 7 Do ionic compounds have intermolecular interactions? % = 8.9 x 100 / 125 + 8.9 = 6.6 Barium chloride is a chemical compound of barium.It is used in the laboratory as a test for sulfate ion. Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction. The freezing point of the solution is higher than that of the pure solvent Which has the highest boiling point I2, Br2, and Cl2. The strength . Identify which of these molecules has the highest boiling point and give the reasoning why in terms of intermolecular force. The difference in electronegativity is very high and hence the percentage ionic character is high. They are names after the Dutch chemist Johannes van der Waals (1837-1923). There are indeed IMFs for ions in solution. molality of the solution = 0.0125 mol/ 0.0152 Kg = 0.822 Fun fact: if the DNA in a single human cell were stretched out (but still in its familiar double helix conformation), it would be approximately 2 meters long. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. This is wrong because K+ is hydrated as stated in the question. Or, one more example of a nonpolar compound that dissolves in water is the reason we can enjoy carbonated sodas. *salt water They include Van Der Waals forces (interactions), ion-dipole and dipole-dipole forces. a. CHF3 b. H2O c. PH3 d. OF2 Why nature gas CH4 is a good choice to storage tank in winter? According to my thoughts, among the 4 IMFs I know: LDFs are definitely included, but my question is whether dipole-dipole is included as well (because KCl is a polar substance)? In the image below, the top two water molecules are both acting as donors, while the bottom molecule is acting as an acceptor. London dispersion 2. dipole-dipole 3. hydrogen bonding (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 3 only (d) 1 and 2 (e) 1 and 3; Which molecule will have hydrogen bonding as its strongest type of intermolecular force? 0.05m solution of which of the following compositions would result in the greatest boiling point elevation? Because of the OH group in methanol, we expect its molecules to be polar. What are the most important intermolecular forces found between water molecules? Ion-dipole forces result from the interaction of a charged species with a polar molecule. Oil and water. What kind of attractive interaction exists between atoms and between nonpolar molecules? This sets it apart further from ordinary dipole-dipole bonding, which has no directionality. n(NaCl) = 15 / 58.5 g/mol = 0.256 moles 1-Propanol C3H7OH and methoxyethane CH3O C2H5 have the same molecular weigh. Answer (1 of 4): There will be an attraction between the charged ions and the water molecules. What is the molarity of 200 mL of solution in which 2.0 moles of sodium bromide is dissolved? Na2S-HCI=ion-dipole. The strength of the intermolecular forces between solutes and solvents determines the solubility of a given solute in a given solvent. False, Intramolecular force is broken when a liquid is converted into a gas 1)Chlorine, 2)Bromine, 3)Iodine What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Explain why the other species couldn't hydrogen bond. Strong. is higher than carbon dioxide, though they are similar in It is also non-polar. Intermolecular forces are responsible for the non-ideal Intermolecular force in water molecule which hold two molecules together . These forces govern many of the bulk physical properties of substances and mixtures, such as melting point, boiling point, and surface tension. 1. ion-ion 2. ion-dipole 3. hydrogen bonds 4. ion-ion forces and H-bonds. Now, polar molecules like water can also have Dipole forces or Hydrogen bonding . 30 Place the following compounds in order of increasing strength of intermolecular forces: CS2, I2, NH2CH3. *Heterogeneous A perfect example of this is table salt, NaCl, which has a melting point of 800 degrees Celsius. KCl in water , CH2Cl2 in benzene (C6H6) . Like water, acetic acid has strong hydrogen bonds. Consider two pure liquids. *mol/hr The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. H2Se. By Aditi Roy. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. 9. Question 18. H 2 O, KCl, CO 2. The fact that the resulting solution is the same phase as water also suggests that water is the solvent. C2H6 CH3NH2 KCl CH3CH2CH2OH CH3OCH3 C2H6 does not have O, N or F KCl is ionic and does not have any hydrogens In CH3OCH3 the H's are not directly bonded to the O 5. *Physical State of the reactant This general trend of "like dissolves like" is summarized in the following table: Note that every time charged particles (ionic compounds or polar substances) are mixed, a solution is formed. This may seem non-intuitive, but when two nonpolar molecules are near each other, the oscillations in their electron clouds can cause them both to acquire some polarity. in case of NH3, the main type of intermolecular forces is; (a) London dispersion forces. KMnO4 is an ionic substance. Thus, we expect it to be soluble in water. The chloride ions fit right into the hydrogen bond arrangement between water molecules. High concentration? Moreover, when we consider water, it is one of those substances that can occur in all three states - Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous state. Water and potassium chloride These two are a polar molecule and an ionic compound, so ion-dipole forces exist between them. The molecular weight of HCl is 36.458 gm/mol. The atomic weigh of Iodine = 127, Bromine = 80, and Chlorine = 35.5. Which type of intermolecular attractive force operates between only polar molecules. *mol/L-hr , A flask is charged with 0.050 mol of A in a total volume of 100.0 ml. Water is polar, and the dipole bond it forms is a hydrogen bond based on the two hydrogen atoms in the molecule. The answer is intermolecular interactions. The ion-ion interaction energy is given by Coulomb's law. When comparing two molecules of a similar shape (e.g. NaCl in H2O. Do you expect a greater dipole-dipole interaction between two molecules that are antiparallel or between two molecules that are co-linear head-to-tail? Which is the most important intermolecular force that is responsible for allowing hydrogen molecules to be liquefied? True or False, Rate =[C2H5NH2]/t=[C2H4]/t=[NH3]/t, indicate how the rate of disappearance of C2H5NH2(g) reactant is related to the rate of appearance of each product: London Dispersion occurs between the nonpolar molecules. When solid KI is dissolved in water, which intermolecular forces are present between the solute and the solvent? \(HCl\) has a dipole moment of \(1.08\;D\). IMF's: Dispersion and Dipole-Dipole. Both are non-polar like CCl4, which is why both will dissolve, but because bromine is already in liquid form it dissolves easier. *Water H2O What is the impact of small business on the economy? The solubility of MnSO4.H2O in water at 20oC is 70 g per 100 ml of water. Ch.2 - Atoms & Elements. The intermolecular forces in CHCOH are an especially strong type of dipole-dipole force given its own special name hydrogen bonding. *the attractive forces between solvent molecules must be overcome to make room for the solute particles in the solvent, Mixing of two gases is spontaneous, the process is favored by, The measurement of how much solute can be dissolved in a liter of solvent, Which of the following is an example of a solid solution? A solution is made by dissolving 1.00 g of sucrose (\(\ce{C12H22O11}\)) in 100.0 g of liquid water. Octane and methane are both nonpolar molecules, so they have only London dispersion forces. At certain time in a reaction, substance A is disappearing at the rate of 4.0 x 10-2 M/s, substance B is appearing at a rate of 2.0 x 10-2M/s, and substance C is appearing at a rate of 6.0 x 10-2M/s. Dispersion and Ion-Dipole forces. ligand and one Cd 2+ ion which displayed a distorted octahedral CdO 5 N geometry and coordination atoms came from three oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom that occupied the equatorial plane, and two axial oxygen atoms occupied the vertices (Figure 1 a). *Homogeneous, What is the substance called that is being dissolved in a solution? Planned Maintenance scheduled March 2nd, 2023 at 01:00 AM UTC (March 1st, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. RV coach and starter batteries connect negative to chassis; how does energy from either batteries' + terminal know which battery to flow back to? *Reactant concentration- Calculate an ion-ion interaction energy between \(K^+\) and \(Cl^-\) at a distance of 600 pm. The stronger these interactions, the greater the surface tension. Since there are 50 base pairs, we need to multiply by 50 to account for all the base pairs. (b) dipole-dipole interaction. E. London forces. Rank the attractive power for water to the following, 1 being strongest: Mg2+ Na+ H-Br N 2 10. *carbontaed Water Sodium sulfate is an ionic compound, so we expect it to be soluble in water. Calculate an ion-dipole interaction energy between \(K^+\) and \(HCl\) at a distance of 600 pm. The interaction between molecules are mediated by intermolecular forces through charges, partial charges or temporary charges of molecules. mass I2 = 0.035 mol x 253.808 g/mol= 8.9 g Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? Methane (\(CH_4\)) remains gas because its boiling point is about -160C. What type of intermolecular force is responsible for the attraction between an KCl and a water molecule? This can be determined by adding solute to the solution. What type of intermolecular force will act in following substances? H2O. Because KCl is soluble in water, and I, is not Because KCI is a solid, and 12 is . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". 4hrs & 3mins. If the solute does not dissolve, then it is saturated. It has dispersion forces, dipole dipole forces ,and hydrogen 13.E: Intermolecular Forces (Exercises) is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Hydrogen bonds form when you have a negative O, N, or F atom in one molecule and a positive H atom attached to an O, N, or F atom in another molecule. Iodine has more electrons than Bromine and both Iodine and bromine have more electrons than Chlorine. Rank the following pure substances from highest to lowest boiling point: 1. It does not store any personal data. Table \(\PageIndex{1}\) Types of Solutions, Example \(\PageIndex{1}\): Sugar and Water. CH2 0 II A) H-C-H B) Consider the combustion of hydrogen, 2H2(g) + O2(g)----> 2H2O(g). How to identify hydrogen bonds and other non-covalent interactions from structure considerations? Bile fluid was prepared by adding 6.1 mg pig bile . What is the molarity of the solution? The methane has the boiling point at -161 C, making it to be a good choice for winter season. Worksheet. Of the two solvents, CCl4 is nonpolar and H2O is polar, so I2 would be expected to be more soluble in CCl4. K+ is a spherical ion. What are the most important intermolecular forces found between water molecules? The weakest intermolecular, the lowest boiling point. Duress at instant speed in response to Counterspell. Butane ( CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 ) and 2- Methyl propane (CH3-CH2- CH3. ) Water is considered a polar solvent. Dealing with hard questions during a software developer interview, Rename .gz files according to names in separate txt-file. i = 1 for glucose as it does not undergo any association/dissociation. An attraction then forms between the ion and transient partial charge. If the molecule is polar, then it contains typo type all forces and hydrogen bombs exist if the molecule contains hydrogen and if that hydrogen atom is politically wanted to electron negative atom so engaged off production color rate he had production. Look for the strongest interactions between each pair of compounds. 7. These forces arise from the electrostatic attraction between two ions with opposite charges. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Rank the following mixtures from strongest to weakest IMFs: 2. Liquids that do not dissolve in one another are called immiscible. 0 There is no difference, both HOH and H2O are the same According to my thoughts, among the 4 IMFs I know: London dispersion forces (LDFs); Dipole-Dipole interaction; Hydrogen bonding; Ion-dipole forces. (NaCl is an ion with Na+ and Cl- with H2O as a . At its closest, Pluto is 4.28 billion km from Earth. Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. Type of solute- solvent interaction that should be most important in KBr in water solutions: Type of solute- solvent interaction that should be most important in HCl in acetonitrile (CH3CN ) solutions: methanol (CH3OH) in water, CH2Cl2 in benzene (C6H6), KCl in water, Rank the solutions from weakest to strongest solute-solvent interaction b) The principal type of solute -solvent interaction in CH2Cl2 in benzene (C6H6) is London dispersion forces. H2S. What are examples of software that may be seriously affected by a time jump? When particles with no charges (nonpolar compounds) are mixed, they will form a solution. 100.42 oC There are 3 types of intermolecular force: London Dispersion, Dipole-Dipole (Example: Two \(NaCl\)) and Ion-Dipole (Example: \(Mg^+\) and \(HCl\)). Comparing the rate of appearance of B and the rate of disappearance of A, we get, Oxidation of Ammonia 4NH3 (g ) + 3O2 (g) = 2N2 (g ) + 6H2O(l) it was found that the rate of formation of H2 O was 0.81 mol s-1At what rate was N2 being formed, The instantaneous rate is the rate of a reaction at any particular point in time Ion-dipole forces and LDF will dominate. that H2O more polar than H2S. Why, (e) CO2 is formed twice as fast as ethane is consumed. about three times, In comparison to a 0.01 M solution of glucose, the depression in freezing point of a 0.01 M MgCl2 solution is _______. Bromine is a molecular compound Br2 and the intermolecular forces are london dispersion forces. Strong. Dipole-dipole force are a type of Van Der Waals force. Thus, I2 has a highest boiling point. a) The principal type of solute -solvent interaction in KCl in water is ion-dipole. MarisaAlviar-Agnew(Sacramento City College). Given the property of solids, liquids (take shape container, can be poured . rev2023.3.1.43269. They follow van der Waals forces and thus behave less ideally. If 15 g of KCl03 are stirred into 100 g of water at 25C, how much of the KCl03 will dissolve? Which of these typically increases when intermolecular forces increase? How does the intermolecular determine the boiling point? Explain in terms of intermolecular forces the following: Why KCI has a higher melting point than I2 O Because KCl is an ionic compound, and the ion-ion attractions are much stronger than the dispersion forces between the I, molecules. There are no intermolecular forces in KCl because it is an ionic compound. eg. Water contains hydrogen bonds, ION DIPOLE FORCES EXSIST between these two substances. Hydrogen bonding is also directional a bond can only qualify as a hydrogen bond if the three participating atoms are in roughly a straight line (180-degree angle). In industry, barium chloride is mainly used in the purification of brine solution in caustic chlorine plants and also in the manufacture of heat treatment salts, case hardening of steel, in the manufacture of pigments, and in the manufacture of other barium salts. *salt solution This means that the forces of attraction between H2O molecules The intermolecular interactions include London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding (as described in the previous section). H2O because both experience hydrogen bonding. Toluene (C6H5CH3) is widely used in industry as a nonpolar solvent. This essay sample on H2o2 Intermolecular Forces provides all necessary basic info on this matter, including the most common "for and against" arguments. Intermolecular interaction between aniline and dichloromethane. *Hydrogen Fluoride HF, Lithium Chloride LiCl and Methyl alcohol CH3OH has ion dipole interaction (c) water is formed at a rate equal to two-thirds the rate of formation of CO2. *Ion-dipole interaction occurs between an ion and a polar covalent compound. London dispersion force, which results from shifting electron clouds. Write in the order of increasing Boiling points , Explain why. 6.3: Intermolecular Forces in Solutions is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Water; Dichloromethane; Intermolecular forces: Solutions: 1. 02/08/2008. (434 torr) x (5.5508 mol) / (5.5508 mol + 1.1180 mol) = 361 torr, The vapor pressure of pure water at 85oC is 434 torr. London dispersion force is also present because it occurs in all compounds. 1 Answer anor277 May 12, 2018 Potassium iodide is NON-MOLECULAR.. Question 21. Practice personal hygiene protocols at all times Example 2: A sample of 0.892 g of potassium chloride (KCl) is dissolved in 54.6 g of water. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. As shown in Figure 1 b and 1c, we can clearly see that the carboxyl oxygen of ligand connected two Cd 2+ ions through 2-O bridge to form a . Table \(\PageIndex{1}\) lists some common types of solutions, with examples of each. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? a. The human body contains about 100 trillion cells. True (d) SO 2: The intermolecular force between the molecule is the dipole-dipole force. Hydrogen Bond. Either by mass or by moles, the obvious minor component is sucrose, so it is the solute. Why? Would I2 be more soluble in CCl4 or H2O? *Ammonia NH3 Pentane or neo pentane. In order to form a solution, the solute must be surrounded, or solvated, by the solvent. Depending on the relative electronegativities of the two atoms sharing electrons, there may be partial transfer of electron density from one atom to the other. For a reaction 2A + B 2C, with the rate equation: Rate = k[A]2[B](a) the order with respect to A is 1 and the order overall is 1. A few important properties of hydrogen chloride are as follows: It occurs as a transparent gas at room temperature and pressure, denoted by the chemical formula HCl. Express the equilibrium distance re in term and show V = - , 4/3 r^3 ((6.022 x 10^23)/(2 mol))= 4/3 (1.70 x 10^(-10) m)^3 ((6.022 x 10^23)/(2 mol)), V/n=RT/P= ((0.08206 L atm K^(-1) mol^(-1) (298.2 K))/1atm, The fraction of this volume occupied by 2 mole of Ar, (1.239 x 10^-2 L mol-1)/ 24.47 L mol-1 = 2.5 x10 -7. a) What is the original of polarity in a molecule? boiling point of pure water = 100 C Start. 1. sulfur dioxide (SO) 2. nitrogen gas (N) hydrogen fluoride (HF) carbon dioxide (CO) neon gas (Ne) 5 6. magnesium chloride (MgCl) dissolved in water (HO) . "Like dissolves like" = the intermolecular bonds broken between solvent molecules must be of a similar strength to the new bonds formed between solvent and solute molecules. The 1-Propanol can form London Force, Dipole- Dipole, and H- bonding due to the H bonded to O atom of OH group, whereas the methoxyethane can not form the H-bonding. Dichloromethane is next highest because it participates in dipole-dipole forces. (Although ionic compounds are not composed of discrete molecules, we will still use the term intermolecular to include interactions between the ions in such compounds.) Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for this behavior? Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. True these type of forces is easy to change polarity of atoms. The intermolecular force present between H2O and KCl is ion-dipole interaction. Hence, greater the i greater will be depression. Dipole dipole and sometimes hydrogen bonding. Like dissolves like is a useful rule for deciding if a solute will be soluble in a solvent. Do ionic compounds have intermolecular interactions? If so, we only need to compute the molarity: The intermolecular force present between H2O and KCl is ion-dipole interaction. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? I2 is nonpolar. At Room Temperature Kcl Has Nacl Type Structure Mp3 Download , KCl crystallizes in the same type of lattice as does NaCl. He was only the first one who postulated. Which of these is not an intermolecular force? How can I explain to my manager that a project he wishes to undertake cannot be performed by the team? Liquids that dissolve in one another in all proportions are said to be miscible. 1.0 M NaOH This largely accounts for the high solubility of $\ce {CO2}$ compared to that of non-hydrogen bonding compounds like methane, which has about $\mathrm {1/25^ {th . A solution is made by dissolving 3.33 g of \(\ce{HCl(g)}\) in 40.0 g of liquid methyl alcohol (\(\ce{CH3OH}\)). When an ionic compound is considered "insoluble", it doesn't necessarily mean the compound is completely untouched by water. Potassium chloride is an ionic compound and therefore forms ionic bonds. On an individual basis, LDF are generally the weakest of the intermolecular forces. What is the ideal van't Hoff factor for the compound:Ba(OH)2. These partial charges attract each other, and this attraction is what we call dipole-dipole forces. Your email address will not be published. Pepsi-cola and all the other sodas have carbon dioxide gas, \(\ce{CO_2}\), a nonpolar compound, dissolved in a sugar-water solution. Everyone has learned that there are three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. Chemistry Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for scientists, academics, teachers, and students in the field of chemistry. KBr is relatively soluble in water, yet its enthalpy of solution is +19.8KJ/mol. Dipole dipole forces Intermolecular force exhibited by polar molecules in which positive end of one dipole attracts the negative end of another polar molecule. Therefore, methane is more likely to be used during wintertime at Alaska. 388 torr Because of these forces, polar solvents are better able to dissolve ionic solids such as NaCl, compared with nonpolar solvents. List all the intermolecular interactions that take place in each of the follow kings of molecules: \(CCl_3F\), \(CCl_2F_2\), \(CClF_3\), and \(CF_4\). They are the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules. H2O (water) has a higher melting point and boiling point than CO2 because of the hydrogen bonds that exist between the water molecules. H2O or H2S, Which member in the pair has greater dispersion forces From experimental studies, it has been determined that if molecules of a solute experience the same intermolecular forces that the solvent does, the . 4 Is potassium permanganate polar or nonpolar? Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\) Water (clear liquid) and oil (yellow) do not form liquid solutions. Your email address will not be published. Identify the solvent and solute in the resulting solution. *Immiscible Of the following, all are valid units for a reaction rate except __________. Explain this phenomenon in terms of forces, noting that Coulomb forces depend on 1/r2 while van der Waals forces depend on 1/r7. The permanganate ion (which itself is covalent) would be non-polar. So which do you think are relevant? This means These forces are much weaker than the chemical bonds that hold atoms together within a molecule, but they can still have a significant impact on the properties of a substance. Explain your answer. Potassium permanganate is very soluble in water. When NaBr dissolves in water, what types of intermolecular forces must be broken? The type of forces between solute-solute molecules and solvent-solvent molecules must be considered. Two complimentary strands has 50 base pairs each. 0.30 (d) the order with respect to B is 2 and the order overall is 2. The weigh is proportion to the London dispersion force, and the higher molecular weigh, the larger the force. Intermolecular forces are electrostatic interactions between permanently or transiently (temporarily) charged chemical species. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. H2O and KCl interact mainly though ion-dipole forces. . Nonpolar wax dissolves in nonpolar hexane, but not in polar water. Rank the interactions from weakest to strongest: A low concentration electrolytic solution behaves non-ideally while a high concentration of the same solution behaves ideally. Instead, the ion generates a transient dipole from a nonpolar molecule by attracting or repelling its electrons. solutions, indicate the type of forces that are involved. Butane has a higher surface area and hence higher electrostatic attraction, Butane has higher boiling point than iso butane because, Methanol, ethanol, ammonia, and methylamine are soluble in water because they can form, What type of intermolecular force is exist between an CO2 molecules, What type of intermolecular force is exist between an CO molecules, What intermolecular force is present in a sample of pure Cl2. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. CCl4 and H2O (b) KCl and H2O (ion-dipole forces) (c) Br2 and CCl4 (dispersion forces) (d) CH3CH2OH and H2O (H-bonds) 58. . (c) the order with respect to A is 2 and the order overall is 3. If hydrogen is burning at the rate of 0.96 mol/s, what is the rate of consumption of oxygen? The combustion of ethane (C2H6) is represented by the equation: 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)In this reaction:(a) the rate of consumption of ethane is seven times faster than the rate of consumption of oxygen. Water is called the universal solvent because many ionic and covalent compounds will dissolve in it.
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kcl and h2o intermolecular forces