Second, ensuring that a child feels safe is crucial, which means that the physical space must be easily accessible, ideally through its own entrance and exit, and separates the survivor from the perpetrator to prevent further trauma. When the family member is the trafficker, the exploitation is often normalized and accepted within the family culture, sometimes spanning generations. This process includes evaluating programs and policies with humility and commitment to change wherever possible, even where those changes will be difficult to implement. Although the pandemic resulted in the reduction or suspension of many support networks for victims, service providers shifted to online and virtual platforms to continue supporting victims as much as possible. Salih still suffers from hearing loss due to explosions and airstrikes. We need to be seen as people experiencing victimization. Ravi Buck As of April 5, IMET funding was obligated for the following activity: military professionalization training. Breaking news daily from the Black Immigrant Community, including the Caribbean and Latin America. Under such a deluge, someone with information about a case or who may be a victim in real crisis will face longer service wait times and may miss their momentary chance to connect to a service provider. Within a month, a man hired her as a bilingual attendant at his store in the capital city of Georgetown. Significant additional work remains to eradicate this practice across Yemen. In addition to putting a child trafficking victim at ease by providing a safe and structured environment for play and learning, such spaces also can help facilitate the prosecution of human traffickers by offering critical support to children as they provide information to law enforcement to help hold perpetrators accountable. Germany The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, as amended (TVPA), defines severe forms of trafficking in persons as: A victim need not be physically transported from one location to another for the crime to fall within this definition. NATO Policy on Combatting Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (2019), NATO Guidance for the development of training and educational programmes to support the policy on combating the trafficking in human beings (2004). Recognize that trauma is not unique to an individual who identifies as a survivor leader; it has affected the entire team in distinct ways. Regardless of whether the process was delayed or expedited, repatriation of trafficking victims had the potential to lead to serious health and protection risks in the countries of return, as well as increased costs and added difficulty due to quarantine requirements upon arrival. In Lesotho, a group of trafficking survivors in a shelter produced masks for themselves and the local community, contributing to the fight against the pandemic. The UN TIP Protocol, which is widely ratified, mandates the criminalization of money laundering when proceeds are derived from humantrafficking and encourages signatories to promote international cooperation between their respective national authorities addressing money laundering. Through her early work, Sagbo Sasse frequently interacted and established a deep connection with children who had survived human trafficking, many who were coming from Benin, her country of origin. Trained customer-facing staff can recognize, document, and report behavioral indicators of human trafficking. Both the federal government and states have passed laws that shift the blame away from vulnerable youth and adults onto traffickers and customers and attach stiff penalties for sex trafficking. Croatia Page 42: Picture Alliance International Military Education and Training $155,282 Sunny Massa It also offers an opportunity to improve civil-military relations and influence the next generation of FARDC leadership at a time when the government is undertaking initiatives to transform that historically strained relationship. Doing so allowed the organization to continue connecting with potential trafficking victims, now hidden in private apartments and clandestine areas instead of clubs and brothels, which had been ordered to close due to the lockdown along with all other public spaces. The 2021 CSPA List Includes Governments of the Following Countries: Afghanistan Countries in the 2021 TIP Report that are not Party to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking In Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, Bhutan Given the essential role that these monitoring mechanisms or efforts play as the parties to the R-ARCSS continue to work to implement the peace agreement and form a transitional government, waiving restrictions to PKO assistance is in the U.S. national interest. any person under 15 years of age who has been voluntarily recruited into governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces; or. 1. Joshua Youle Because a child in this situation is often trained not to report what is happening, interactions with adults who might otherwise notice a problem or identify the child as vulnerable, such as teachers, neighbors, doctors, and other adults in the community, instead see the child as shy or failing to thrive. Due to school closures, some children lacked access to education, shelter, and/or food. Francesca J. Tadle The Government of Thailand issued a Cabinet Resolution in August 2020 that made it easier to obtain new work permits and provided extensions for migrants working in Thailand. Every country, including the United States, can do more. The TVPA, as amended, lists additional factors to determine whether a country should be on Tier 2 (or Tier 2 Watch List) versus Tier 3: In addition, the TVPA directs the Secretary of State to consider, as proof of a countrys failure to make significant efforts to fully meet the TVPAs minimum standards, a government policy or pattern of: trafficking; trafficking in government-funded programs; forced labor (in government-affiliated medical services, agriculture, forestry, mining, construction, or other sectors); sexual slavery in government camps, compounds, or outposts; or employing or recruiting child soldiers. The report noted that because of covid19, the High Court, which is where human trafficking cases are heard, held no jury trials, which are necessary for trafficking cases. Page 46: Getty/Greg Baker . THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENTS AND THE FINANCIAL SECTOR. When asking for the opinions and suggestions of these voices, be a conscious listener and follow through with implementing changes. China Despite the projects and millions of dollars spent by the US to combat human trafficking in TT and in the region, the 2022 TIP report still noted TT had not made a single conviction under the 2011 human trafficking laws. This year, the TIP Report introduction examines the emerging trends, challenges, and adaptations to global anti-trafficking efforts as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Some employees of NGOs that help identify and provide services to survivors of human trafficking have even faced threats of violence by followers of these theories. Estonia launched a nationwide e-learning initiative in schools, led by law enforcement organizations and anti-trafficking experts, to combat and raise awareness of the rise of online sex trafficking and child exploitation during the pandemic. The Department of Defense intends to re-engage with and build the capacity of the Libyan armed forces under 10 U.S.C. This is an issue. The tier ranking justification appears in the first paragraph of each country narrative and includes language that explicitly highlights the factors supporting a given tier ranking. Uzbekistan Rachel Fox Smothermon The Jordanian police counter-trafficking unit worked with UNODC to implement a coordinated COVID-19 mitigation plan to protect first responders by procuring sanitation materials, protective equipment, medical kits, and COVID-19 testing units. Kyrgyz Republic Bethany Hanke Hoang He pointed out that prosecuting illegal activity was not under the remit of the government. Debt bondage is focused on human trafficking crimes in which the traffickers primary means of coercion is debt manipulation. Countries whose governments do not fully meet the TVPAs minimum standards but are making significant efforts to bring themselves into compliance with those standards, and for which: Countries whose governments do not fully meet the TVPAs minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so. Zoran Piperovic, the republic's deputy. The economic and social distress generated by the pandemic and related mitigation efforts exacerbated risks for vulnerable and marginalized populations. Resources for these organizations are often already strained and should be directed towards evidence-based solutions to combat human trafficking. It will also provide technical support and resources to improve evidence-gathering to build strong cases. Maldives Judges admitted virtual victim testimony via livestream in a separate room to allow victims to feel safer and prevent the potential spread of COVID-19. This page shows a sample country narrative. Solomon Islands I look forward to once again engaging in-person with government counterparts, NGO representatives, and individuals with lived experience to continue the two decades of progress that was celebrated and recognized last year in the twentieth TIP Report. For example, many children would benefit from having one-on-one support to develop an individualized program with the survivor and meet with them several times a week. Shelly Westebbe Bosnia and Herzegovina Reimi Pieters I look forward to the work ahead, knowing there is much still to accomplish, and we will be more successful when we work together to achieve the goals of combating human trafficking and creating a more fair, equitable world. South Africa During lockdown, traffickers in the Amazon in Brazil changed their patterns by sending child sex trafficking victims to the perpetrators private quarters or specific locations instead of the usual places where children were sold to perpetrators. Furthermore, victims of familial trafficking might not be able to comprehend or identify with the indicators featured in most public awareness and outreach campaigns that share information on how to seek help. The spread of misinformation about human trafficking also means that anti-trafficking experts and organizations need to allocate time and resources to re-educate the public. Survivors report having seen stories based on false information and feeling re-exploited because the trauma they faced is now being questioned or used for nefarious, and sometimes political, purposes. The Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime (GIATOC) published a policy brief in May 2020 highlighting initial trends in human trafficking during the pandemic and challenges to traditional responses. Ghana Andrew Pfender Federal agencies responded by sharing plans to apply a survivor-informed approach for human trafficking. Further, a waiver for support provided by the Department of Defense pursuant to 10 U.S.C. Section 1. While hopeful that were turning the corner on the pandemic, we know that different countries are at different stages in their pandemic response and recovery. The pandemic also stymied investigators progress as victim-witnesses were occasionally quarantined by the Ministry of Health. Enabling human trafficking survivors participation in the regulated financial sector is critical. The author has a range of expertise related to human trafficking, familial trafficking, marginalized communities, trauma and resiliency, education, and survivor leadership. Survivor leaders and their organizations were resilient and essential throughout the pandemic. In response to emerging challenges, governments and civil society organizations conducted in-depth research assessments on the impacts of COVID-19, leveraged technology as a method to address emerging trends, adapted policy approaches, and sought to expand protections for victims. The term child soldier includes any person described in clauses (ii), (iii), or (iv) who is serving in any capacity, including in a support role, such as a cook, porter, messenger, medic, guard, or sex slave.. One of the destinations of these women and girls is Turkey. Jason Martin The following year, a country must either go up to Tier 2 or down to Tier 3. Timor-Leste Congo, Republic of the It also must include supporting additional research on the brains response to trauma and on the ways traffickers adapt their criminal enterprises to societal changes. From forced labor in local or national public work projects, military operations, and economically important sectors, or as part of government-funded projects or missions abroad, officials use their power to exploit their nationals. IOM adapted its existing MigApp for migrant workers in the Americas to include a new section to highlight official health recommendations to prevent the spread of the virus, capture changes across countriessuch as border restrictions, COVID-19 hotlines, or migration status changesand produce surveys to better understand the COVID-related challenges migrants faced. Myrna E. Walch Communicate updates on the progression of these changes. 1. Page 29: Getty/Stefanie Glinski Section 1 lists the countries identified as being in violation of the standards under the CSPA in 2020. In fiscal year 2020, ICE arrested 1,746 individuals in connection with human trafficking and identified and assisted more than 400 victims. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE CONTINUED GROWTH IN THE INTEGRATION PROCESS, Hiring Survivors and Ensuring a Trauma-informed Work Environment, Establishing Administrative Processes for a Trauma-informed Workplace. The use of children in commercial sex is prohibited by law in the United States and most countries around the world. The chattel slavery system relied on the separation of family units during auctions and trading of enslaved people. The Secretary-General has institutionalized mechanisms to continue engagement and cohesion across the United Nations system, and prioritized leadership accountability relating to sexual exploitation and abuse through mandated action plans and personal certifications. In this position, Cabrera plays a pivotal role in advancing the offices ability to investigate and prosecute human trafficking cases. In partnership with international organizations, the government also continued to undertake measures to prevent and end the use of child soldiers, including separating child soldiers from non-state armed groups, and conducting age verification screening of recruits. Iran Lamiaa Elfar In that project, the embassy will provide consultation services for improving TT law enforcements response to human trafficking. I knew my family loathed gays. These initiatives, as well as any near-term security sector programming, will be used to support the security sector reform/disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (SSR/DDR) and governance needed to end the conflict and the recruitment and use of child soldiers. When assessing needs, a child-friendly waiting room might take priority. Along with overall PME training, IMET funding for Cameroon also strengthens military justice and civil-military relations, helping make Cameroons armed forces more transparent and accountable. Page 18-19: Mushfiqual Alam Qatar remains a difficult place for many migrant workers, and forced labor remains a serious concern in the country. Suriname The purpose element focuses on the perpetrators goal to secure labor or services. Detention in these camps is intended to erase ethnic and religious identities under the pretext of vocational training. Forced labor is a central tactic used for this repression. We paid daily for a bed, for the space at the bar, for the help the bar owners gave us. Crystal Hill The PRC initially denied all allegations, dismissing them as international interference in its domestic affairs. It reflects on the lessons learned from practitioners and offers considerations to rebuild momentum through coordinated anti-trafficking strategies. In June 2020, the Government of Sri Lanka approved a National COVID-19 Response Plan for Migrant Workers that covered prevention and the protection of trafficking victims, while the UK government extended public-funded safe accommodation for current victims and survivors for an additional three months. To address these gaps, the 2017 Human Trafficking Leadership Academy fellows, organized by the Department of Health and Human Services National Human Trafficking Training and Technical Assistance Center (NHTTAC), defined a survivor-informed practice as the meaningful input from a diverse community of survivors at all stages of a program or project, including development, implementation and evaluation.. Masks and other personal protective equipment, as well as virtual engagements, reduce the ability to read facial and non-verbal cues and body language, which can be a survival mechanism for survivors. February 28, 2023. The means element of forced labor includes a traffickers use of force, fraud, or coercion. The coercive scheme can include threats of force, debt manipulation, withholding of pay, confiscation of identity documents, psychological coercion, reputational harm, manipulation of the use of addictive substances, threats to other people, or other forms of coercion. Inside Back Cover: Panos Pictures/Abbie Trayler- Smith. Estonia Mali For example, organizations will prioritize hiring a survivor as a staff member or consultant and then equate that action with becoming a fully trauma-informed entity, while failing to use a trauma-informed approach to care, which often retraumatizes individuals receiving services. Section 5. More than 200 countries have agreed to implement the FATF Recommendations, which require member countries to identify, assess, and understand money laundering and illicit finance risks and to mitigate those risks. Romania Greece It is essential that financial institutions train staff on techniques human traffickers use to launder money and the behavioral and financial red flag indicators of human trafficking. Since the declaration of a national state of emergency in Peru, the assignments of police units, including those focused on anti-trafficking efforts, shifted to enforcing the government-imposed isolation measures. Benin Qatar Burma Many of us loathe the churches that allowed us to be abused with their hatred of us from the pulpit. She and her team have developed anti-trafficking monitoring cells throughout the countrys capital composed of community members, whom SIFOS has trained and empowered to identify human trafficking within vulnerable populations, and to safely report suspected cases to authorities. Page 11: Picture Alliance After arriving in the United States, Vicente and several other Chilean students learned their program had been changed from a two-year program to a one-year program in food services. The PRC governments Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (Bingtuan), an economic and paramilitary organization with administrative control over several areas in the region comprising nearly three million personnel, forces members of prison populations and local communities alike to work in hazardous mining, construction, manufacturing, food processing, andfor many thousands of Uyghur adults and childrencotton harvesting. Justin D. Pollard Organizations can set themselves up for success in a manner that is adaptivenot stagnantto meet the evolving challenges of anti-trafficking efforts by mindfully weaving together survivor-leadership and trauma-informed approaches for the collective good of all who engage in anti-trafficking spaces. Burundi The OSCE provides workshops and training to participating States on preventing trafficking in the organizations supply chains, and identifying and protecting trafficking victims. While they may look slightly different depending on their particular function, the country in which they operate, or the level of resources available, effective child-friendly spaces often share common features that can be replicated as promising practices. We need to overcome the years of institutional bias and discrimination by politicians trying to criminalize our use of bathrooms or marriages. Many reputable sources publish information online to help the public understand when information being shared about human trafficking is misleading or false. The top five locations for human trafficking criminal arrests by HSI were Atlanta, Georgia; Dallas, Texas; Los Angeles, California; Phoenix, Arizona; and Tampa, Florida. Business owners and landlords pressured individuals to take out loans in exchange for cheap labor or commercial sexual exploitation. While the government disbanded the committee in 2019 due to a lack of funding, Sagbo Sasse continued to give her time to be a key advisor to government officials, closely coordinating with relevant ministries on victim identification and referral efforts. Representative Matt Gaetz, Republican of Florida and a close ally of former President Donald J. Trump, is being investigated by the Justice Department over whether he had a sexual relationship with. The anti-trafficking community pivoted to address new circumstances during the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrated resilience, and produced advanced solutions that could be beneficial even after the pandemic, but many challenges still exist and continue to emerge. governmental efforts to reduce the demand for commercial sex acts and international sex tourism. Melissa Verlaque International Military Education and Training $205,775 Abigail Long Allocating resources to debunk myths and misinformation about human trafficking takes time away from critical services including responding to survivors seeking help. This waiver will allow the United States to continue to provide the assistance, support, and human rights training necessary to achieve these goals, and to help Iraq build its capacity to conduct effective, sustained counterterrorism operations against ISIS. They also may not have the physical and mental development to identify coercive tactics being used by an individual they have bonded with, trust, and love. Greater stability and self-reliance is one of our top strategic objectives in the DRC, such that our more than half a billion dollars in annual bilateral assistance can be wound down, and our focus turned more fully toward trade and investment. Current military assistance to Cameroon includes IMET and Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) funding. Page 50: Ernst Coppejans To extract this work or service, governments coerce by threatening the withdrawal of public benefits, withholding salaries, failing to adhere to limits on national service, manipulating the lack of legal status of stateless individuals and other minority groups, threatening to punish family members, or conditioning services, food, or freedom of movement on labor or sex. The report came to the fore last Friday, when the Prime Minister responded to questions in Parliament as to why TT was unable to come off the watch list. In February 2021, Bemaka-Soui spearheaded and oversaw the launch of the governments first radio campaign to raise awareness about human trafficking in the local language of Sango, thereby allowing the government to reach key communities. An official website of the United States Government, https://fiscal.treasury.gov/files/reports-statements/treasury-reporting-rates-exchange/treasury-reporting-rates-of-exchange-as-of-december-31-2020-with-amendments.xlsx, Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology, Office of the U.S. Efforts to reform the kafala system and develop non-exploitative policies would benefit from input and recommendations from survivors who experienced forced labor under this system. In January 2021, the government finalized and disseminated national SOPs for trafficking victim identification, referral, and protection to all front-line agencies involved in anti-trafficking efforts; implementation was ongoing at the end of the reporting period. This principle aims to protect victims from being held legally responsible for conduct that was not their choice, but rather was driven by their trafficker. Stay-at-home orders and travel restrictions made it more difficult for front-line officials to protect individuals through proper identification and screening techniques, leaving officials to rely on victims to self-identify during the pandemic, which already occurs rarely. The government established a formal anti-trafficking inter-ministerial committee that monitored shelters, coordinated with NGOs and international organizations to identify and protect victims and drafted and launched the governments first national anti-trafficking action plan. The acts element of sex trafficking is met when a trafficker recruits, harbors, transports, provides, obtains, patronizes, or solicits another person to engage in commercial sex. Invite a diversity of lived experience experts to be part of organizational staffing, not only because of what they have survived but also for the professional skills and expertise they offer. Algeria Kosovo In the first seven months of the pandemic, the International Aid Transparency Initiative noted a reduction of 17 percent in bilateral donor commitments between 2019 and 2020, which included a five percent decline in ODA. An important component of any successful anti-trafficking strategy is a well-informed public that understands the real indicators of the crime and can identify it when it happens in their own communities. Papua New Guinea This years Trafficking in Persons Report sends a strong message to the world that global crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and enduring discriminatory policies and practices, have a disproportionate effect on individuals already oppressed by other injustices. Page 45: Adria Malcolm U.S. strategy in Iraq is focused on working with the GOI to achieve a unified, democratic, peaceful, and inclusive Iraq by: defeating the terrorist entity known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS); promoting good governance and reform; supporting the increased capacity and professionalization of Iraqs security forces to bring them more in line with international best practices; promoting human rights; and promoting the protection of Iraqs diverse and often marginalized communities, regardless of their ethnicity, religion, or gender. MacKenzie Bills Because trauma-informed practices assume that every human being has experienced trauma of some kind, organizational structures should reflect the need for sensitivity and care surrounding all interactions and communications. This included individuals who reshared CSEM content in hopes of helping the victim and raising awareness, but inadvertently contributed to reporting spikes leaving less time and resources to pursue every incident. These challenges further compound existing vulnerabilities to exploitation, including human trafficking. Some of us were there to pay off the debts owed to the bar owner. If looking for more information on survivor-informed best practices, please see NHTTACs Survivor-Informed Practice: Definition, Best Practices, and Recommendations. Excess Defense Articles (EDA) $3,821,000 Eswatini Gabon The United States will continue engaging with Afghan security forces to encourage implementation of the policies and legal frameworks in place, such as the Ministry of Defenses Protection of Children in Armed Conflict Policy. Congo, Democratic Republic of the By Mark P. Lagon and. Of further concern, experts have identified the strategic production and dissemination of false narratives about sex trafficking by white supremacists and other extremists, including violent extremists, in the United States as a means of recruiting new members. Entrepreneur, Cosmotologist, Graduate from the Coalition to Abolish Slavery and Trafficking (Cast), Los Angeles, Racism has made Black trafficking survivors and other survivors of color feel invisible. A force of nature, she has prioritized achieving systemic change through grassroots action and effective networking. Removing the ability to profit from the crime disincentivizes traffickers and serves as a crucial deterrent to prevent the crime altogether. Sri Lanka Traffickers can also manipulate debts after the economic relationship begins by withholding earnings or forcing the victim to assume debts for expenses like food, housing, ortransportation. U.S. missions overseas are dedicated to covering human trafficking issues year-round. The concurrence of the increased number of individuals at risk, traffickers ability to capitalize on competing crises, and the diversion of resources to pandemic response efforts has resulted in an ideal environment for human trafficking to flourish and evolve. According to the joint survey by OSCE and UN Women, only 24 percent of the 385 anti-trafficking organizations that responded to the survey could remain fully operational during the pandemic. You can be a victim of human trafficking in your hometown. Forced labor, also referred to as labor trafficking, encompasses the range of activities involved when a person uses force, fraud, or coercion to obtain the labor or services of another person. 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