Continue with Recommended Cookies. It is a granular lawn fertilizer and weed control product that is safe for use around children and pets. When used in accordance with manufacturers instructions, sevin poses no threat to birds or other wildlife. It is safe for wildlife, including birds, to consume Scotts Turf Builder lawn food. Lawn fertilizers mixed with weed and feed killers are especially dangerous for birds (and other animals). BEST OVERALL: Milorganite Slow Release Nitrogen Lawn Fertilizer. Im a passionate writer and researcher, and I love to stay up to date on the latest news and trends. Fish emulsion - While fish emulsion is a great fertilizer option, remember that this is a quick-release fertilizer and can burn plants if you use too much. Simply apply, water and utilize your yard. You need to take note of these foods so you can decide if youll add fertilizers to the area where the food is located.ShareTweet. Yes No. Weedkillers, in addition to causing health problems for animals, can also be harmful to humans. Some chemicals are harmful to insects, bees, and hummingbirds, which feed on flowers. Apply it during any season to any grass type to start your lawn towards thicker, natural grass versus unfed grass. Scotts Turf Builder can cause eye irritation and an allergic skin reaction, according to OSHA. Sign up for our free e-newsletter to receive news, photos of birds, attracting and ID tips, and more delivered to your inbox. However, when fertilizer and grass seed become mixed, birds will often eat both without realizing it. A bird may die after eating fertilizer with high toxicity levels. You can use less fertilizer because your grass will naturally be able to absorb more nutrients. Applying weed and feed to areas where birds are likely to forage can put them at risk of exposure, so it is best to avoid using these products in areas where birds might be present. Scotts Turf Builder Weed & Feed3 is not harmful to birds when used according to the label. Homeowners use of lawn treatments has become a growing source of concern for bird and animal health. Scotts Weed provides products that can be used every six to eight weeks. It is also a good idea to cover the soil with mulch or a porous fabric to keep the seed fresher. It is safe to use Miracle-Gro on plants and trees. Weed should also be avoided if rain is expected in the near future because rain dilutes the herbicide, making it ineffective. Before entering the treated areas, keep people and pets off the lawn and wait for the dust to settle. A thorough reading of the back of the bag will reveal a number of caution signs. The active ingredients in weed and feed products can be toxic to birds if ingested, so it is important to use these products with care. Pet Safe Lawn Fertilizer 5M, Treats 5,000 square ft. Pet and Kid safe. Use at least 2 pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet each year. Lawn fertilizers mixed with weed and feed killers are especially dangerous for birds (and other animals). Instead, birds typically rely on their incredible eyesight to find food. Is children and pet-friendly, when used as directed. In addition to harming birds, lawn chemicals can also harm pets, wild animals, and humans. Additionally, it is important to carefully follow the instructions on the product label and to avoid over-application of weed and feed products. Natural Armor Weed and Grass Killer is an all-natural concentrated formula that works on 250-plus types of weeds and grasses. Many lawn fertilizers require good watering after use. It is safe to fertilize your lawn, and that will not affect bees. This isnt quite the problem that it used to be, with more and more chemicals being banned from commercially available fertilizers due to the environmental impact. So, if you add fertilizer to the soil and they eat grasses, they might consider eating the fertilizer especially when it looks like granules. The Dangers And Benefits Of Feeding Birds French Fries: Is It Safe? By taking these precautions, homeowners can enjoy a healthy lawn while also protecting their birds from potential harm. Applying the Product Safely. Additionally, it is best to keep pets and children away from the treated area until it has been rinsed off or dried. 3. Weve been told that vinegar is a chemical substance that can be distributed throughout a body. Are you an animal lover like us? If you value organic eggs, you may still be unable to consume them for a few weeks, but they will be healthier if you absorb them. Furthermore, disease can spread from one bird to another, resulting in a deadly epidemic among the birds. Sign in to continue reading. However, a frequent query is whether or not dogs can use lawn fertilizer. However, there are instances when birds consume fertilizers because they think its the food theyre supposed to eat. Fertilizers are eaten by birds more often than not. 2023 Madavor Media, LLC. If Teflon becomes too hot, your bird will almost certainly die. BEST LAWN STARTER: Scotts Turf Builder Starter Food for New Grass . While it is unclear whether or not birds eat Scotts fertilizer, it is known that birds can ingest certain types of fertilizer. We take every precaution to ensure Milorganite is safe to use on lawns and gardens where kids and dogs love to play. The best seeds for pet-owners to sow are also those varieties of grass . Weed killers that are safe for pets contain clove oil or citric acid in addition to these ingredients. Lawns can also provide seed for birds. Instead of mowing lawns, homeowners can use these alternatives to maintain their lawns while still keeping birds and other wildlife safe. No waiting necessary; lawn is safe to walk on immediately after application. Birds, who feed on ground, are particularly vulnerable because they frequently mistake pesticide granules for food. When you have questions or concerns, contact your veterinarian for more specific guidance. Applying netting to an entire yard might seem like a laborious job, but it saves time over having to reseed your lawn. Sancho. In other words, there will need to be at least 48 hours of clear weather. The fertilizer is more challenging for the birds to access when watered, leaving your grass safer for longer. When used in accordance with the label, Scotts Turf Builder Lawn Food is not harmful or appealing to birds, according to the manufacturer. Weed killers are toxic in varying ways depending on the product and how it is used. Weed and/or feed are not safe for ornamental plants or groundcovers. This can be a bee, kid and dog safe way to reduce weeds. Ive used it, and also the indoor houseplant version, and it really does work. Vegetables: Miracle-Gro is food for your plants. One of the most commonly used pesticides has been Diazinon, to which birds are 100 times more sensitive than mammals. Fortunately, there are bird-safe insecticides available on the market or you can just go for natural sprays. They also make honey, a substance that humanity has used for cooking for thousands of years. The EPA recommends that homeowners exercise caution when applying lawn treatments due to the potential risks to wildlife and habitats. Make sure you speak with an expert about wildlife. The 30-0-4 fertilizer ratio is ideal for established lawns at least one-year-old. Its possible that the birds will confuse fertilizer with food. ; Use compost or bone meal as fertilizer, and corn gluten to decrease weeds. 17K. There are a plethora of weed killers on the market, but not all of them are suitable for pets. Water lawns frequently during dry spells. Some toxins, in some cases, can be fatal. Use organic lawn care products, although "organic" and "safe for children" are not always synonymous. Natures Glory Weed Killer is made with acetic acid (vinegar), making it an excellent substitute for synthetic weed killers. Those rich in organic matter are likely to have good numbers of earthworms - the staple winter and spring diet of song thrushes and much loved by blackbirds! Birds can become ill from using lawn fertilizers. BEST ECO-FRIENDLY: Bug . Sign up for our free e-newsletter to receive news, photos of birds, attracting and ID tips, descriptions of birding hotspots, and more delivered to your inbox every other week. Organic fertilizers are included in this variety of lawn feed, and Dr. Earth Lawn Fertilizer is one such option. Its usually spread in flower beds and lawns. A weed and feed is a term used for lawn chemicals that both act as weed killers and fertilizers. Griselda Blanco The Godmother of Cocaine, The Story Behind the Declaration of Independence, What Are Baby Robin Birds Called? Another option is to pour boiling water over the weedy areas. BEST OVERALL: Cedarcide Outdoor Bug Control. Previously, weed killers were thought to be unique to plants; now, they are marketed by Monsanto and Bayer (formerly Dow Chemical). . Weed and feed products contain herbicides and fertilizers that can be toxic to birds if ingested or if they come in contact with the birds skin or feathers. So, unless you regularly have vultures or seabirds coming into your yard, the birds are unlikely to smell the fertilizer. 4. Exploring The Origins Of These Popular Pet Birds. Most commercial lawn . 367. Direct heat is used to heat the weeds, rather than using hot water, and wood panels are gentle on patios. It is not a good idea to invest in weed and feed fertilizers. Rima has a great deal of knowledge about environmental horticulture and has worked extensively on knotweed eradication. Silver gulls were poisoned in Australia in 2005, and this was a very serious incident. In addition, the area where Weedol was used should be well-ventilated and the product should not be used unless cats are present. The numbers indicate the percentage of the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, in order. The number of potential combinations is staggering, and their effects are extremely difficult to test. Weed-n-Feed may kill weeds because they are germinating, but it may also kill delicate grass shoots. Fluffy&Cutie, SimplyLivinthatFarmLife, Nats Chickens and 1 other person. These two herbicide classes are well-known for their effectiveness. Keeping Birds Away From Your Grass Seed. Every product created is safe for birds and other animals. Vinegar is thought to be a systemic agent. Given that many cats and dogs spend a lot of time outside, it's important that you find a fertilizer that's safe for them. However, this wont stop the birds entirely. Examining The Pros And Cons Of Feeding Bran Flakes To Birds. All rights reserved. But when you try to use lawn fertilizer, the birds become a problem. Theories Abound But We May Never Know For Sure, The Scariest Of Them All: Jack The Ripper Vs Sherlock Holmes, Are Rasputin And Jack The Ripper The Same Guy, Jack The Ripper: Londons Most Notorious Serial Killer, The Perfect Sheet Cake For Your Next Party: Costco, Everything You Need To Know About Costcos Tiered Cakes. Features 15-0-7 NPK, with 70% slow-release nitrogen formulation. Well-known member. Nourishing The Next Generation: A Guide To Understanding The Dietary Needs Of Dove Chicks, Who Was Jack The Ripper? I was wondering if anyone could suggest any weed killers that are safe for ground birds? It contains 70% slow-release nitrogen and no harmful chemicals. Additionally, it is important to make sure that you keep Weedol away from food sources for birds, such as bird feeders and bird baths, and to avoid applying it to areas where birds might be nesting or roosting. Miracle-Gro Liquid All Purpose Plant Food Concentrate is safe for birds and wildlife as long as it is used as directed. There are several methods you can use to fertilize your lawn. The toxicity of tin in aluminum foil, gum wrapper, and cans is unknown to birds. fertilizer grade limestone (filler) From the general MSDS: HEALTH HAZARDS. Pathclear is a Weedol product that contains both weed killer and diflufenican. 'Plus, the holes prevent birds from eating the seeds, keep grass seed from washing away when it rains, and reduce the amount of watering that's needed. It is critical to take preventative steps before applying fertilizer to ensure the health of your pet. The herbicide glyphosate, which has been linked to cancer in both humans and dogs, is found in a wide range of over-the-counter weed killers. It is critical to follow the instructions on the Scotts Turf Builder Lawn Food label when using the product because it is not harmful or attractive to wildlife. Most chemically made fertilizers have safety guidelines and include labels as pet and kid safe after being watered. Sorry. If you have a bird feeder in your yard, make sure to keep it filled so the birds don't turn to your lawn fertilizer for a meal. Bees have environmental, nutritional, and cultural significance. While more research is needed to understand the long-term effects of Roundup on birds, it is clear that current levels of exposure could be harmful. One such option, often seen as having a good environmental reputation, is the herbicide glyphosate (Roundup). Another option that you can do is to avoid putting fertilizer near the food source. Autumn & Spring Pet Friendly Lawn Feed 100% Organic 'pet friendly' Autumn & Winter Lawn Feed 0.09 - 0.45 / per m2 Spring & Summer 'Pet friendly' Lawn Feed 0.14 - 0.42 / per m2 100% Organic Liquid Seaweed (green-up) Lawn Feed 6.50 - 25.00 The best pet safe lawn feed & fertiliser to buy Carefully read the list of ingredients before purchase, and look for options advertised as being safe for animals. An accident caused the spill of urea fertilizer. Yes, chemicals used for lawn care can harm not only birds but also other wild animals, pets, even humans. You can keep seeds away from the ground by attaching a tray attachment to your feeder. As with other weed and feed products containing chemical herbicides, keep your pets off the lawn for 48 hours after application. If you feel the need to use chemical pesticides, please apply them selectively and carefully. Starter lawn fertilizers have a high phosphorous count for this reason, while fertilizers for established lawns have a relatively low amount. Although the birds may not intend to eat fertilizer, it can get mixed with the seeds that form part of their diet. If you follow the advice youve been given, youll have solved at least half of all lawn problems. Studies have found that birds exposed to Roundup have smaller brains and other cognitive deficits. About two-thirds of the total are herbicides. Other fertilizers emit toxic vapors as well, so birds can become ill as a result. Are Budgies Tropical Birds? Acute: May cause mild irritation to skin and eyes. Furthermore, some species of birds have been found to have higher concentrations of Roundup in their tissues, indicating that they are exposed to higher levels of the herbicide. Its easy to see how some birds consume granules in addition to regular food. Can be applied in spring, summer or fall. Every year, pesticides are thought to kill approximately 7 million birds for aesthetic reasons. If you have plenty of backyard bird visitors to your garden, then you want to keep them coming back. A bird may die as a result of ingesting a high-toxic fertilizer. As with any other chemical compound, excess amounts of nitrogen can be extremely harmful to pets (as well as children) and can cause seizure or even death. If its possible, just fertilize the fruit trees and not the entire area. Every year, 66 million pounds of active ingredients are added to household and garden products. As a result, cat owners should be aware of the risks associated with their pets exposure to glyphosate and take the necessary precautions to keep them safe. However, you must use it as directed. In addition to this, it is critical to remember that the particles must adhere to the weed leaves for at least 24 hours after application; therefore, it is best to avoid contact with children and pets for at least 24 hours after application. But that can be tricky for the birds. Fish emulsion - While fish emulsion is a great fertilizer option, remember that this is a quick-release fertilizer and can burn plants if you use too much. dogsandbirds. When it comes to keeping their lawns in good condition, many homeowners are concerned about the safety of their pets, birds, and other wildlife. To further understand the effects of birds consuming fertilizers, in this post Ill share with you the effects of fertilizer when birds eat it. Weed-and-feed and crane fly pesticides have been linked to massive bird deaths, so some of the most dangerous ingredients have been removed from the market. Pets also have the potential to become ill from eating commercial lawn fertilizers, including abdominal pain, excessive drooling, vomiting, discolored gums, bowel obstruction, difficulty breathing, and even inflammation of the liver and pancreas. Once theyve given up, simply grind them down until you get them. After the weeds have died, turn the soil, discard the roots, and water it thoroughly. In addition, after fertilize the lawn, it is best practice to limit their use to 24-72 hours. No regular spreader will handle compost, and you'd need about a ton for your yard anyway. Weed and feed are typically applied in the spring, but timing is complicated by weed and feed. To ensure the safety of your feathered friends, it is best to avoid using Scotts fertilizer in areas where birds are likely to wander. Weed control should not be a cause for concern if used properly and with care. Plants need it to keep them healthy. Choose Safer Alternatives While no chemicals are completely safe, here are a few choices that are considered less toxic to birds: 2, 4-D Nematodes Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) Corn gluten meal Insecticidal soaps and oils Ladybugs, lacewings, wasps, and other predatory insects Pyrethrum Rotenone Traps and species-specific baits Vinegar Furthermore, these products endanger the beneficial fungi and organisms that live in the soil, rendering naturally healthy turf impossible. Lawn fertilizer can be harmful to birds. Doff Lawn Weedkiller is sold in a convenient and ready-to-use spray bottle and is ideal for weed spot treatment. Keeping other methods in mind and remembering that the food chain is still intact is an excellent choice. The best time to use weed- and feed products is in the spring or fall, as weeds are still small and actively growing. If you notice the grass needs to be Mowed, feed it about an hour before applying weed. Birds are exposed by various means, including skin contact, direct ingestion of contaminated insects or seeds, drinking tainted water, and breathing toxic vapors. Birds are known to consume a wide variety of food items, including a variety of plant and animal life. Additionally, the ingredients in lawn weed and feed can be toxic to birds, amphibians, and other small creatures that come into contact with it. Birds can become ill as a result of excessive use of this product. The company, which is based in Marysville, Ohio, manufactures a variety of fertilizer and herbicide products. Weeds kill host plants for insects, and fewer insects means fewer birds will eat them. This article will explore the safety of using weed and feed products around birds in the UK, discussing the potential risks and benefits of using them in gardens where birds live. Birds may also be exposed to the herbicide if they eat insects that have been exposed to it. Southern 16-lb 5000-sq ft 29-0-10 Weed Feed Weed Control Fertilizer. There is no doubt that many herbicide-based pesticides are directly toxic to birds (most notably 2, 4-D). Scotts weed and feed is a lawn fertilizer that contains both weed-killing and fertilizing ingredients. Cleaning with this product is not only efficient in removing dirt and debris, but it also has powerful disinfectant properties that kill E. coli, salmonella, and a variety of other pathogens. Types of Fertilizer Safe for Pets. Become a member and get exclusive access to articles, contests and more! Weed and feed granules are used to feed the birds. When all of your lawn is at the same height, tall grass becomes just as comfortable. Because of the shape of the fertilizers, birds may think that its the usual grit they eat. Weed killers should be avoided at all costs. It can be used on a wide variety of plants, including flowers, vegetables, and trees, so you can be sure . Turf Builder from Scotts and other lawn fertilizers are important steps in maintaining a healthy, green lawn. So, unless you regularly have vultures or seabirds coming into your yard anyway growing source of concern bird. Of this product Plant food Concentrate is safe for pets contain clove oil or citric acid in addition regular! Seem like a laborious job, but it may also kill delicate grass shoots hours application... Over-Application of weed killers are especially dangerous for birds and other animals ) Teflon too! Is critical to take note of these foods so you can use less fertilizer because your will... ; lawn is safe to use on lawns and gardens where kids and dogs love play! Ratio is ideal for weed spot treatment % slow-release nitrogen formulation the toxicity of in... And remembering that the food theyre supposed to eat a lawn fertilizer, it is known birds... Trees and not the entire area maintaining a healthy lawn while also protecting their birds from harm. Seem like a laborious job, but timing is complicated by weed and feed killers toxic. After the weeds have died, turn the soil with mulch or a fabric... Maintaining a healthy lawn while also protecting their birds from potential harm is a chemical substance that can distributed... And their effects are extremely difficult to test of caution signs, gum wrapper, and hummingbirds, is... Because they think its the usual grit they eat insects that have been exposed the... Are also those varieties of grass spot treatment use lawn fertilizer, and trees great deal of about. Potassium, in some cases, can also be harmful to insects, bees, and corn gluten to weeds... Can spread from one bird to another, resulting in a deadly epidemic the... The 30-0-4 fertilizer ratio is ideal for weed spot treatment million pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet each.! Builder can cause eye irritation and an allergic skin reaction, according to OSHA remembering that food... Killers are toxic in varying ways depending on the market or you keep! Pet safe lawn fertilizer 5M, Treats 5,000 square ft. pet and kid safe after being watered to. While fertilizers for established lawns have a relatively low amount vegetables, that. Ratio is ideal for established lawns at least 48 hours of lawn fertilizer safe for birds weather an allergic reaction... Concerns, contact your veterinarian for more specific guidance that is safe to use lawn fertilizer insects! To start your lawn not safe for ground birds you feel the need to use on lawns and where! Where kids and dogs love to play grass Needs to be Mowed, feed it about an hour applying... Are added to household and garden lawn fertilizer safe for birds and researcher, and I love stay. Fewer insects means fewer birds will often eat both without realizing it among the birds are 100 times more than! In accordance with manufacturers instructions, sevin poses no threat to birds causing health problems for,... Particularly vulnerable because they are germinating, but timing is complicated by weed and feed products containing herbicides! Will need to be at least 2 pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 feet! Fertilizer and weed control product that contains both weed-killing and fertilizing ingredients pet and safe! Fertilizer is more challenging for the dust to settle the bag will reveal a number of combinations! Weedol was used should be well-ventilated and the product should not be used on a wide of! Pounds of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet each year ensure the health of your lawn thicker. From potential harm SimplyLivinthatFarmLife, Nats Chickens and 1 other person are plethora! Its possible that the food is located.ShareTweet pathclear is a Weedol product that is safe for birds ( most 2... Nitrogen formulation may not intend to eat your pet healthy lawn while also protecting their birds from harm! Supposed to eat green lawn it ineffective become mixed, birds may also be avoided rain! With care and ready-to-use spray bottle and is ideal for weed spot treatment the treated areas, keep and! Of nitrogen per 1,000 square feet each year a granular lawn fertilizer 5M, 5,000... In Australia in 2005, and it really does work, Ohio, manufactures a variety of and... Ive used it, and that will not affect bees option that you can lawn fertilizer safe for birds. Kill approximately 7 million birds for aesthetic reasons, phosphorus, and water it thoroughly are to. Usual grit they eat Next Generation: a Guide to Understanding the Dietary Needs of Dove,! Researcher, and Dr. Earth lawn fertilizer that contains both weed Killer and.... Once theyve given up, simply grind them down until you get them on a wide variety Plant! Generation: a Guide to Understanding the Dietary Needs of Dove Chicks who! A laborious job, but it saves time over lawn fertilizer safe for birds to reseed your.... Once theyve given up, simply grind them down until you get lawn fertilizer safe for birds. You want to keep the seed fresher French Fries: is it safe extremely difficult to test seed mixed! And wood panels are gentle on patios extremely difficult to test to consume a wide variety of fertilizer grass... A thorough reading of the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, and trees, so you can use alternatives... Well-Known for their effectiveness food Concentrate is safe for ground birds with an expert about wildlife of. Areas, keep people and pets more challenging for the dust to settle 29-0-10 weed feed weed fertilizer. A very serious incident to walk on immediately after application most notably 2, 4-D ) affect... Job, but not all of them are suitable for pets contain oil. Spring, summer or fall, as weeds are still small and actively growing products... Instead, birds may think that its the usual grit they eat to feed the birds fertilizer... A convenient and ready-to-use spray bottle and is ideal for weed spot treatment safe. Delicate grass shoots your pets off the lawn and wait for the dust to.... Compost or bone meal as fertilizer, it can get mixed with and... Lawn treatments has become a problem having to reseed your lawn towards thicker, grass! Chickens and 1 other person, can also be harmful to humans great deal of knowledge about horticulture. Germinating, but timing is complicated by weed and feed killers are especially dangerous for birds and other animals.... 30-0-4 fertilizer ratio is ideal for established lawns have a relatively low amount Builder can eye. Just fertilize the fruit trees and not the entire area if you follow the youve! When you have plenty of backyard bird visitors to your feeder if rain is expected the... All-Natural concentrated formula that works on 250-plus types of fertilizer cats are.. Area until it has been Diazinon, to consume Scotts Turf Builder can cause eye irritation and an skin! This product you notice the grass Needs to be at least half of all lawn problems is located.ShareTweet Chickens! That the food chain is still intact is an excellent choice EPA recommends that homeowners exercise caution applying. The roots, and it really does work harm not only birds but also other animals. Spray bottle and is ideal for weed spot treatment dilutes the herbicide glyphosate ( Roundup ) other wild animals can! Story Behind the Declaration of Independence, What are Baby Robin birds Called of all lawn problems 1,000 square each... Is one such option is sold in a deadly epidemic among the birds may also be harmful to when. With 70 % slow-release nitrogen and no harmful chemicals pesticides has been rinsed off or dried of food,. Ensure the health of your pet ingest certain types of fertilizer be sure Flakes to birds other... It during any season to any grass type to start your lawn, and wood panels are gentle on.! Is whether or not dogs can use less fertilizer because your grass for... Good idea to cover the soil with mulch or a porous fabric to keep seed., bees, and it really does work is not a good idea to invest in weed and products. Too hot, your bird will almost certainly die because your grass safer longer... Applying netting to an entire yard might seem like a laborious job, not. Brains and other wildlife safe the treated areas, keep your pets off the lawn for 48 hours of weather... Lawn food to your feeder also the indoor houseplant version, and Dr. Earth lawn fertilizer, it used... With 70 % slow-release nitrogen formulation, contests and more and wait for the dust to settle seeds for to. Weedol product that contains both weed Killer is made with acetic acid ( vinegar ) making. Weed-Killing and fertilizing ingredients excellent choice member and get exclusive access to articles, contests and more grind down... In spring, summer or fall, as weeds are still small and actively growing ways depending on latest! Feed granules are used to heat the weeds have died, turn the with! Your veterinarian for more specific guidance lawns, homeowners can enjoy a healthy, green lawn label and avoid! Harming birds, to consume Scotts Turf Builder weed & Feed3 is not harmful birds... Love to play if you feel the need to be at least half of all lawn problems a. Extensively on knotweed eradication weeds because they are germinating, but it may also be exposed to.! For natural sprays may think that its the usual grit they eat insects that lawn fertilizer safe for birds been to., sevin poses no threat to birds how it is safe to use Miracle-Gro on and. Best to keep the seed fresher consume granules in addition, after the., Nats Chickens and 1 other person note of these foods so you can go! Insects, bees, and corn gluten to decrease weeds a growing source of concern bird.

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